Muraille Eric
Université Libre de Bruxelles, rue des Professeurs Jeener et Brache, 6041, Gosselies, Belgium.
Endeavour. 2019 Dec;43(4):100709. doi: 10.1016/j.endeavour.2020.100709. Epub 2020 Feb 27.
The independence of science was long seen as of prime importance. This position has become less common today. The perception of scientific research as a public service has led to the opinion that it must be accountable to citizens and produce knowledge and innovation that meet their expectations. Numerous authors have voiced the need for anticipatory ethical control of innovation focusing on the scientific research process. This control is considered as the must-have guarantee for "good science." The current article attempts to trace the ideological origins of the ethical control of innovation, examines its effectiveness against the challenge of globalization and technology-derived major threats and its compatibility with scientific methodology. It also suggests ways to both regulate the innovation process and preserve the independence of science. On the whole, we conclude that truly effective ethical regulation of innovation, i.e. one that protects the greatest number from its adverse effects, is achieved first and foremost by questioning our liberal economic model and the place given to science in our societies.
科学的独立性长期以来被视为至关重要。如今，这种立场已不那么常见。将科学研究视为一种公共服务的观念导致了这样一种观点，即它必须对公民负责，并产生符合他们期望的知识和创新。众多作者表达了对聚焦于科学研究过程的创新进行前瞻性伦理控制的必要性。这种控制被视为“好科学”必不可少的保障。本文试图追溯创新伦理控制的思想根源，考察其应对全球化挑战和技术带来的重大威胁的有效性，以及它与科学方法论的兼容性。它还提出了规范创新过程和维护科学独立性的方法。总体而言，我们得出结论，真正有效的创新伦理规范，即能保护大多数人免受其不利影响的规范，首先要通过质疑我们的自由经济模式以及科学在我们社会中的地位来实现。
