Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resource and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University.
Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Safety Control, and Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resource and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University.
Biol Pharm Bull. 2020;43(3):463-473. doi: 10.1248/bpb.b19-00805.
Choline as a quaternary amine nutrient is metabolized to trimethylamine by gut microbiota and subsequently oxidized to circulating trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), a gut-derived metabolite associated with liver toxicity and cardiovascular disease. The study was to probe the possible vasoprotective and hepatoprotective effects of total saponins of Gynostemma pentaphyllum (TSGP) in 3% high-choline water-feeding mice. The purified TSGP was obtained with content of 83.0% saponins, and its antioxidant activities were evaluated in vitro. Furthermore, the mice fed with high choline for 8 weeks significantly expressed vascular endothelial dysfunction and liver oxidative stress (p < 0.01 vs. Normal). Administration of TSGP at 400 and 800 mg/kg·body weight (b.w.) significantly lowered the serum total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), endothelin-1 (ET-1) and thromboxane A (TXA) levels, as well as hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA) formation, but effectively elevated the serum nitric oxide (NO), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and prostaglandin I (PGI) levels, as well as alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), T-superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities in high choline-fed mice. Hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) and oil red O staining also suggested that TSGP could exert the significant protection against endothelial dysfunction and liver injury in high choline-treated mice. These findings suggest that TSGP is of the saponins-enriched extract, and is a good candidate of dietary supplement and therapeutic application in vascular and hepatic oxidative injury.
胆碱作为一种季铵类营养素，被肠道微生物群代谢为三甲胺，然后氧化为循环中的三甲基胺 N-氧化物（TMAO），这是一种与肝毒性和心血管疾病相关的肠道衍生代谢物。本研究旨在探讨绞股蓝总皂苷（TSGP）对 3%高胆碱水喂养小鼠的可能血管保护和肝保护作用。纯化的 TSGP 含量为 83.0%的皂苷，其体外抗氧化活性进行了评估。此外，用高胆碱喂养 8 周的小鼠显著表达血管内皮功能障碍和肝氧化应激（p<0.01 与正常相比）。TSGP 以 400 和 800mg/kg·体重（b.w.）给药显著降低血清总胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯（TG）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）、内皮素-1（ET-1）和血栓素 A（TXA）水平，以及肝丙二醛（MDA）的形成，但有效提高血清一氧化氮（NO）、内皮型一氧化氮合酶（eNOS）和前列腺素 I（PGI）水平，以及丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶（AST）、T-超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）在高胆碱喂养的小鼠中。苏木精-伊红（H&E）和油红 O 染色也表明，TSGP 可对高胆碱处理的小鼠的内皮功能障碍和肝损伤发挥显著保护作用。这些发现表明，TSGP 是一种富含皂苷的提取物，是血管和肝氧化损伤膳食补充剂和治疗应用的良好候选物。
