Anatomy Department, Ziauddin University, Clifton, Karachi 74700, Sindh, Pakistan.
Biochemistry Department, Ziauddin University, Clifton, Karachi 74700, Sindh, Pakistan.
Recent Pat Anticancer Drug Discov. 2020;15(1):59-69. doi: 10.2174/1574892815666200302115438.
Lungs are the second most common reported site of distant metastasis in Breast cancer after bone. Mostly the studies were conducted in cell lines and animal model. To date, there is no blood biomarker reported that could determine the breast cancer progression in terms of lung metastasis.
The aim of this study is to determine Nidogen-1 (NID1)'s mRNA and protein expressions in non-invasive blood samples of breast cancer, in early (II) and lung metastasis advanced stages (III & IV) of naive and treated groups. To determine the functional association of NID1, we employed an in silico analysis, STRING database version 11.
A total of n = 175 cases of breast cancer were recruited in our study. Real time quantitative PCR and ELISA were performed to analyze the mRNA and protein expressions of NID1 respectively. An in silico method is also used to assess NID1's interactome. Some significant patents related to this topic were also studied and discussed in this research paper.
The results show high levels of NID1's mRNA in the naive group (Group A) as compared to treated group (Group B). Similar trend of increased NID1's protein expressions was also observed among naive and treated groups, respectively. Our results also show the significant impact of treatment on NID1's gene and protein expressions. In silico analysis has revealed the functional association of NID1 with its different interactome protein partners.
The increased expression of NID1 in early to advanced naive as compared to the treated groups with lung metastasis makes it a promising marker which has pro-metastatic role in breast cancer.
肺是乳腺癌继骨之后第二常见的远处转移部位。大多数研究都是在细胞系和动物模型中进行的。迄今为止，尚无报道可确定血液生物标志物来确定乳腺癌向肺转移的进展。
本研究旨在确定非侵袭性血液样本中基底膜蛋白聚糖-1（NID1）的 mRNA 和蛋白表达，包括乳腺癌早期（II 期）和肺转移晚期（III 期和 IV 期）的无治疗组和治疗组。为了确定 NID1 的功能相关性，我们采用了一种基于 STRING 数据库版本 11 的计算机分析方法。
共招募了 175 例乳腺癌患者参与本研究。通过实时定量 PCR 和 ELISA 分别分析 NID1 的 mRNA 和蛋白表达。还采用计算机分析方法来评估 NID1 的相互作用组。本研究还对与该主题相关的一些重要专利进行了研究和讨论。
结果显示，无治疗组（A 组）中 NID1 的 mRNA 水平高于治疗组（B 组）。在无治疗组和治疗组中，NID1 的蛋白表达也分别呈现出相似的增加趋势。我们的结果还表明，治疗对 NID1 的基因和蛋白表达有显著影响。计算机分析揭示了 NID1 与其不同相互作用组蛋白伴侣的功能相关性。
与有肺转移的治疗组相比，早期至晚期无治疗组中 NID1 的表达增加，使其成为一种有前途的标志物，在乳腺癌中具有促转移作用。
