Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico.
Laboratory of Immunobiology and Genetics, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico City, Mexico.
Front Immunol. 2020 Feb 14;11:226. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00226. eCollection 2020.
Tuberculosis (TB) is currently the deadliest infectious disease worldwide. Failure to create a highly effective vaccine has limited the control of the TB epidemic. Historically, the vaccine field has relied on the paradigm that IFN-γ-mediated CD4+ T cell memory responses are the principal correlate of protection in TB. Nonetheless, the demonstration that other cellular subsets offer protective memory responses against (Mtb) is emerging. Among these are memory-like features of macrophages, myeloid cell precursors, natural killer (NK) cells, and innate lymphoid cells (ILCs). Additionally, the dynamics of B cell memory responses have been recently characterized at different stages of the clinical spectrum of Mtb infection, suggesting a role for B cells in human TB. A better understanding of the immune mechanisms underlying such responses is crucial to better comprehend protective immunity in TB. Furthermore, targeting immune compartments other than CD4+ T cells in TB vaccine strategies may benefit a significant proportion of patients co-infected with Mtb and the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Here, we summarize the memory responses of innate immune cells and B cells against Mtb and propose them as novel correlates of protection that could be harnessed in future vaccine development programs.
结核病（TB）是目前全球最致命的传染病。未能开发出高度有效的疫苗限制了对结核病流行的控制。从历史上看，疫苗领域一直依赖于这样一种范式，即 IFN-γ 介导的 CD4+ T 细胞记忆反应是结核病保护的主要相关因素。然而，越来越多的证据表明，其他细胞亚群对 （Mtb） 提供保护性记忆反应。其中包括巨噬细胞、髓样细胞前体、自然杀伤（NK）细胞和固有淋巴细胞（ILC）的记忆样特征。此外，最近在 Mtb 感染的临床谱的不同阶段对 B 细胞记忆反应的动态进行了描述，这表明 B 细胞在人类结核病中发挥作用。更好地了解这些反应背后的免疫机制对于更好地理解结核病中的保护性免疫至关重要。此外，在结核病疫苗策略中针对除 CD4+ T 细胞以外的免疫细胞群可能使相当一部分同时感染 Mtb 和人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）的患者受益。在这里，我们总结了针对 Mtb 的先天免疫细胞和 B 细胞的记忆反应，并提出它们作为新的保护相关性，可用于未来的疫苗开发计划。
