South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States.
Front Immunol. 2020 Jul 24;11:1452. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01452. eCollection 2020.
The current tuberculosis (TB) vaccine, Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG), is effective in preventing TB in young children but was developed without a basic understanding of human immunology. Most modern TB vaccine candidates have targeted CD4 T cell responses, thought to be important for protection against TB disease, but not known to be sufficient or critical for protection. Advances in knowledge of host responses to TB afford opportunities for developing TB vaccines that target immune components not conventionally considered. Here, we describe the potential of targeting NK cells, innate immune training, B cells and antibodies, and Th17 cells in novel TB vaccine development. We also discuss attempts to target vaccine immunity specifically to the lung, the primary disease site in humans.
目前的结核（TB）疫苗卡介苗（BCG）在预防幼儿结核病方面是有效的，但它是在对人类免疫学缺乏基本了解的情况下开发的。大多数现代结核疫苗候选物都针对 CD4 T 细胞反应，这些反应被认为对预防结核病疾病很重要，但尚不清楚它们是否足以或对保护至关重要。对宿主对结核反应的认识的提高为开发针对通常不被认为是免疫成分的结核疫苗提供了机会。在这里，我们描述了针对 NK 细胞、先天免疫训练、B 细胞和抗体以及 Th17 细胞在新型结核疫苗开发中的潜力。我们还讨论了试图将疫苗免疫特异性靶向人类主要疾病部位肺部的尝试。
