Standard Immunization of Mice, Rats, and Hamsters.

Mice, rats, or hamsters are immunized by giving biweekly injections of a purified antigen, cultured cells, or cDNA. For mice, if a pure, soluble protein antigen is being used and is abundant, a dose of 50-100 µg in adjuvant at each immunization is a sensible general recommendation; for rats and hamsters, a dose of 100-200 µg is sufficient. Lower doses can be used for antigens with higher immunogenicity. Adjuvants (Freund's, Ribi, Hunter's TiterMax, ImmunEasy, or Alum) should be mixed with the immunizing antigen for the first two immunizations only; Complete Freund's adjuvant is only used with the first immunization. Subsequent immunizations are performed in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) or normal saline, with or without Incomplete Freund's adjuvant. The choice of adjuvant is dependent on the subclass of immunoglobulin required. Over the course of the 6-wk immunization schedule, each animal usually receives a total of six injections (three subcutaneous and three intraperitoneal). Once a good titer has developed against the antigen of interest, regular boosts and bleeds are performed to collect the maximum amount of serum. For rats and hamsters, boosts should be spaced every 2-3 wk, and serum samples of 400-500 µL should be collected 10-12 d after each boost. For mice, boosts should be spaced every 2-3 wk, and serum samples of 200-300 µL should be collected 10-12 d after each boost.