College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.
Horticultural Plant Biology and Metabolomics Center (HBMC), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.
Plant Mol Biol. 2020 May;103(1-2):9-32. doi: 10.1007/s11103-020-00987-z. Epub 2020 Mar 2.
In light of the available discoveries in the field, this review manuscript discusses on plant reproduction mechanism and molecular players involved in the process. Sperm cells in angiosperms are immotile and are physically distant to the female gametophytes (FG). To secure the production of the next generation, plants have devised a clever approach by which the two sperm cells in each pollen are safely delivered to the female gametophyte where two fertilization events occur (by each sperm cell fertilizing an egg cell and central cell) to give rise to embryo and endosperm. Each of the successfully fertilized ovules later develops into a seed. Sets of macromolecules play roles in pollen tube (PT) guidance, from the stigma, through the transmitting tract and funiculus to the micropylar end of the ovule. Other sets of genetic players are involved in PT reception and in its rupture after it enters the ovule, and yet other sets of genes function in gametic fusion. Angiosperms have come long way from primitive reproductive structure development to today's sophisticated, diverse, and in most cases flamboyant organ. In this review, we will be discussing on the intricate yet complex molecular mechanism of double fertilization and how it might have been shaped by the evolutionary forces focusing particularly on the model plant Arabidopsis.
鉴于该领域现有的发现，本篇综述文章讨论了植物生殖机制以及参与该过程的分子机制。被子植物的精子细胞是不运动的，与雌性配子体（FG）在物理上是分离的。为了确保下一代的产生，植物采用了一种巧妙的方法，即将每个花粉中的两个精子细胞安全地输送到雌性配子体，在那里发生两次受精事件（每个精子细胞使一个卵子和中央细胞受精），从而产生胚胎和胚乳。每个成功受精的胚珠随后发育成种子。一系列大分子在花粉管（PT）的导向中发挥作用，从柱头开始，通过传递道和珠柄到达胚珠的珠孔端。另一组遗传因子参与花粉管的接收和进入胚珠后的破裂，还有另一组基因在配子融合中发挥作用。被子植物从原始的生殖结构发育到今天复杂、多样且在大多数情况下绚丽多彩的器官已经走了很长一段路。在这篇综述中，我们将讨论双受精的复杂而又复杂的分子机制，以及它是如何受到进化力量的影响的，特别是以模式植物拟南芥为重点。
