Marshall Peter, Bartolacci Amy, Burke Darren
University of Newcastle, Ourimbah, New South Wales, Australia.
Evol Psychol. 2020 Jan-Mar;18(1):1474704920910403. doi: 10.1177/1474704920910403.
Previous research has shown that manipulating the pitch of a face (tilting the face upward or downward) affects the perceived femininity, masculinity, attractiveness, and dominance of the given face. However, previous research has not considered the influence of direct eye gaze on dominance perceptions or the ambiguity surrounding the proposed social signals sent from a static face. The current research used 94 participants across two studies (women = 63%, age: = 31). Stimuli varied in head pitch angle, eye gaze, and motion/static appearance. Participants rated the stimuli for levels of masculinity, femininity, attractiveness, and dominance. Both studies confirmed that pitching the face upward at incrementally increasing angles resulted in a linear increase in ratings of masculinity, physical dominance, and social dominance and a linear decrease in ratings of femininity, physical attractiveness, and behavioral allure. Study 2 showed that these effects can be dependent on either the perceived structural change of the face or the actual movement of the face, and these are different for each rating category. The perceived dimorphism, attractiveness, and dominance of a face will change dependent on the angle of pitch it is presented but also whether it is moving or not, where it is moving in space, and what direction it is moving.
先前的研究表明，操纵面部的俯仰角度（将面部向上或向下倾斜）会影响给定面部的女性气质、男性气质、吸引力和主导性的感知。然而，先前的研究并未考虑直接目光注视对主导性感知的影响，也未考虑静态面部所传达的拟议社会信号的模糊性。当前的研究在两项研究中使用了94名参与者（女性占63%，年龄 = 31岁）。刺激物在头部俯仰角度、目光注视以及动态/静态外观方面存在差异。参与者对刺激物的男性气质、女性气质、吸引力和主导性水平进行评分。两项研究均证实，面部以逐渐增大的角度向上倾斜会导致男性气质、身体主导性和社会主导性评分呈线性增加，而女性气质、身体吸引力和行为魅力评分呈线性下降。研究2表明，这些效应可能取决于对面部结构变化的感知或面部的实际运动，并且对于每个评分类别而言这些情况有所不同。面部的感知二态性、吸引力和主导性将根据其呈现的俯仰角度而变化，还取决于它是否在移动、在空间中的移动位置以及移动方向。
