Tatsiy Vasyl Y, Zhuravel Vladimir A, Avdeeva Galina K
Yaroslav Mudryi National Law University, Kharkiv, Ukraine.
National Academy Of Legal Sciences Of Ukraine, Kharkiv, Ukraine.
Wiad Lek. 2019;72(12 cz 2):2596-2601.
Introduction: In most countries detainees are often subjected to physical and mental abuse by law enforcement officials, but very rarely victims of torture can prove the guilt of these offenders due to the poor quality of findings of state forensic medical and forensic psychiatric experts and due to inconsistency of their findings with international guidelines (Istanbul Protocol). The aim: To determine the role of forensic medical examination in the investigation of torture crimes, to provide arguments for necessity to security of the victim's right to collect evidence independently, including through using of special knowledge of independent forensic medical and forensic psychiatric experts in criminal proceedings.
Materials and methods: The authors used the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR) Decisions on the complaints of the victims' torture, international and Ukrainian human rights legal acts, the results of numerous torture investigations conducted by medical and criminalistics scientists. The research is carried out on the basis of a harmonious combination of philosophical approaches, general and special scientific methods.
Conclusions: In order to exercise the rights of victims of torture in accordance with the Convention on Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, and according to other international and Ukrainian legal acts on human rights the arguments given for the need to enable the victim to engage independent forensic medical and forensic psychiatric experts to provide their conclusions in torture-related criminal proceedings.
引言：在大多数国家，被拘留者常常受到执法官员的身心虐待，但由于国家法医和法医精神病学专家的鉴定结果质量欠佳，且其结果与国际准则（《伊斯坦布尔议定书》）不一致，酷刑受害者极少能证明这些犯罪者有罪。目的：确定法医检查在酷刑犯罪调查中的作用，为保障受害者独立收集证据的权利的必要性提供论据，包括在刑事诉讼中借助独立法医和法医精神病学专家的专业知识。
材料与方法：作者采用了欧洲人权法院（ECHR）对受害者酷刑投诉的裁决、国际和乌克兰人权法律行为、医学和刑事科学专家进行的众多酷刑调查结果。该研究是在哲学方法、一般科学方法和特殊科学方法的和谐结合基础上进行的。
结论：为了根据《人权与基本自由公约》《禁止酷刑和其他残忍、不人道或有辱人格的待遇或处罚公约》以及其他国际和乌克兰人权法律行为来行使酷刑受害者的权利，提出了支持受害者聘请独立法医和法医精神病学专家在与酷刑相关的刑事诉讼中提供结论的必要性的论据。
