Honiball Nina M, Marcus Tessa S
School of the Arts, Faculty of Humanities, University of Pretoria, Pretoria.
Afr J Prim Health Care Fam Med. 2020 Feb 5;12(1):e1-e9. doi: 10.4102/phcfm.v12i1.2099.
Maps are important tools in healthcare delivery. In Community-Oriented Primary Care (COPC), they are expected to be used to plan services and resources for defined geographical areas, delineate team practice areas, allocate healthcare workers to households and support service delivery and performance management.
This is a study of the use and value of maps and mapmaking in the delivery of healthcare services through Ward-Based Outreach Teams (WBOTs).
This study was conducted between 2014 and 2016 in Mamelodi (South Africa), an urban settlement selected to begin the City of Tshwane's WBOT implementation programme in 2013.
This study is based on three qualitative participatory mapmaking projects with WBOT healthcare professionals and workers. Data generated through mapmaking, focused group discussions, individual semi-structured interviews, reflective writing and feedback workshops were analysed thematically.
Through mapmaking and discussions about the maps, healthcare providers took ownership of the maps they were creating or viewing, added their own information onto the maps, voiced issues about their practice, generated new knowledge and shared ideas and solutions for challenges. These processes expanded the use and value of maps beyond assisting participants to gain insights into the context, people and organisations of their places of work.
Maps become creative learning tools that can be used in emergent ways to solve healthcare service and other problems when they are actively generated and engaged through facilitated discussion and reflection. This allows WBOTs to see maps as dynamic canvasses that they can use to improve service delivery.
地图是医疗服务提供中的重要工具。在以社区为导向的初级保健（COPC）中，地图有望用于为特定地理区域规划服务和资源、划定团队执业区域、为家庭分配医护人员以及支持服务提供和绩效管理。
本研究旨在探讨通过基于病房的外展团队（WBOTs）提供医疗服务时地图及制图的使用情况和价值。
本研究于2014年至2016年在南非马梅洛迪进行，马梅洛迪是一个城市住区，2013年被选定启动茨瓦内市的WBOT实施计划。
本研究基于与WBOT医护专业人员和工作人员开展的三个定性参与式制图项目。通过制图、焦点小组讨论、个人半结构化访谈、反思性写作和反馈研讨会生成的数据进行了主题分析。
通过制图以及对地图的讨论，医疗服务提供者对他们正在创建或查看的地图拥有了自主权，在地图上添加了自己的信息，表达了他们在执业中遇到的问题，产生了新知识，并就挑战分享了想法和解决方案。这些过程扩大了地图的使用范围和价值，不仅仅是帮助参与者深入了解其工作场所的背景、人员和组织。
当通过促进讨论和反思积极生成并使用地图时，地图成为创造性的学习工具，可用于以新出现的方式解决医疗服务及其他问题。这使WBOTs能够将地图视为动态的画布，用于改善服务提供。
