老年人电话通话中的昼夜节律：观察性描述性研究。
Circadian Rhythms in the Telephone Calls of Older Adults: Observational Descriptive Study.
机构信息
Orange Labs, Chemin du Vieux Chêne, Meylan, France.
University Grenoble Alpes, AGEIS, Grenoble, France.
出版信息
JMIR Mhealth Uhealth. 2020 Feb 25;8(2):e12452. doi: 10.2196/12452.
BACKGROUND
Recent studies have thoughtfully and convincingly demonstrated the possibility of estimating the circadian rhythms of young adults' social activity by analyzing their telephone call-detail records (CDRs). In the field of health monitoring, this development may offer new opportunities for supervising a patient's health status by collecting objective, unobtrusive data about their daily social interactions. However, before considering this future perspective, whether and how similar results could be observed in other populations, including older ones, should be established.
OBJECTIVE
This study was designed specifically to address the circadian rhythms in the telephone calls of older adults.
METHODS
A longitudinal, 12-month dataset combining CDRs and questionnaire data from 26 volunteers aged 65 years or older was used to examine individual differences in the daily rhythms of telephone call activity. The study used outgoing CDRs only and worked with three specific telecommunication parameters: (1) call recipient (alter), (2) time of day, and (3) call duration. As did the studies involving young adults, we analyzed three issues: (1) the existence of circadian rhythms in the telephone call activity of older adults, (2) their persistence over time, and (3) the alter-specificity of calls by calculating relative entropy.
RESULTS
We discovered that older adults had their own specific circadian rhythms of outgoing telephone call activity whose salient features and preferences varied across individuals, from morning until night. We demonstrated that rhythms were consistent, as reflected by their persistence over time. Finally, results suggested that the circadian rhythms of outgoing telephone call activity were partly structured by how older adults allocated their communication time across their social network.
CONCLUSIONS
Overall, these results are the first to have demonstrated the existence, persistence, and alter-specificity of the circadian rhythms of the outgoing telephone call activity of older adults. These findings suggest an opportunity to consider modern telephone technologies as potential sensors of daily activity. From a health care perspective, these sensors could be harnessed for unobtrusive monitoring purposes.
背景
最近的研究深思熟虑且令人信服地证明了通过分析年轻人的电话通话记录（CDR）来估计他们社交活动的昼夜节律的可能性。在健康监测领域，这一发展可能为通过收集有关其日常社交互动的客观、不引人注目的数据来监测患者的健康状况提供新的机会。然而，在考虑这一未来前景之前，应该确定是否以及如何在包括老年人在内的其他人群中观察到类似的结果。
目的
本研究专门旨在探讨老年人电话通话的昼夜节律。
方法
使用结合了 26 名年龄在 65 岁或以上的志愿者的 CDR 和问卷调查数据的纵向、12 个月数据集，来研究电话活动的日常节律中的个体差异。该研究仅使用外出 CDR，并针对三个特定的电信参数进行了研究：（1）呼叫接收者（alter），（2）一天中的时间，以及（3）通话持续时间。与涉及年轻人的研究一样，我们分析了三个问题：（1）老年人的电话活动是否存在昼夜节律，（2）这些节律是否随时间推移而持续存在，以及（3）通过计算相对熵来确定呼叫的alter 特异性。
结果
我们发现，老年人有自己特定的外出电话活动昼夜节律，其特征和偏好因个体而异，从早上到晚上各不相同。我们证明，这些节律是一致的，反映了它们随时间的持续存在。最后，结果表明，外出电话活动的昼夜节律部分由老年人在其社交网络中分配交流时间的方式决定。
结论
总的来说，这些结果首次证明了老年人外出电话活动的昼夜节律的存在、持续性和 alter 特异性。这些发现表明，现代电话技术有机会成为日常活动的潜在传感器。从医疗保健的角度来看，这些传感器可以用于非侵入性监测目的。
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