Department of Ergonomics, Central Institute for Labour Protection-National Research Institute (CIOP-PIB), Warsaw, Poland.
PLoS One. 2020 Mar 4;15(3):e0228599. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228599. eCollection 2020.
The purpose of the study was to determine the impact of the performance of bimanual coordination tasks with specific characteristics on the changes in quality of coordination, musculoskeletal load of the upper limbs and cognitive functions.
A group of 26 people aged 60-67 years performed 6 sessions of bimanual coordination training. Each session included set of tasks that varied depending on the shape in which the cursor moved, the coordination mode (in-phase, anti-phase, complex) and the tracking mode (imposed or freely chosen speed). Performance was assessed by: Error, Variability and Execution. The load of upper limb muscles was expressed with the value of the normalized EMG amplitude. Cognitive functions were evaluated using the Vienna Test System. The Variability and Error values obtained during the sixth training session decreased by more than 50% of the initial values. Tasks with freely chosen speed showed changes from 15% to 34% for Error and from 45% to 50% for Variability. For tasks with imposed speed and coordination mode anti-phase or complex it was between 51% and 58% for Error and between 58% and 68% for Variability. Statistically significant differences between load during the sixth training session compared to the first session occurred in three out of four muscles and were between 9% to 39%. There were statistically significant differences in motor time and no differences in variables describing attention and working memory.
Coordination mode is meaningful for improving coordination skills; tasks in the anti-phase and complex are recommended. Tracking mode also plays a role, tasks with an imposed cursor movement speed have greater potential to improve coordination skills than tasks with freely chosen. Improved control skills resulted in the reduction of upper limb musculoskeletal load. It can be assumed that an increase in coordination skills with the use of appropriate training can help to reduce musculoskeletal load.
本研究旨在确定具有特定特征的双手协调任务表现对协调质量变化、上肢肌肉骨骼负荷和认知功能的影响。
一组 26 名年龄在 60-67 岁的人进行了 6 次双手协调训练。每次训练都包括一套不同的任务，这些任务取决于光标移动的形状、协调模式（同相、反相、复杂）和跟踪模式（强制或自由选择速度）。性能通过误差、变异性和执行来评估。上肢肌肉的负荷用归一化肌电图幅度值表示。认知功能采用维也纳测试系统进行评估。在第六次训练中，变异性和误差值分别降低了初始值的 50%以上。对于自由选择速度的任务，误差从 15%到 34%变化，变异性从 45%到 50%变化。对于强制速度和反相或复杂协调模式的任务，误差在 51%到 58%之间，变异性在 58%到 68%之间。与第一次训练相比，第六次训练时四个肌肉中的三个的负荷存在统计学显著差异，介于 9%到 39%之间。运动时间存在统计学显著差异，而描述注意力和工作记忆的变量则没有差异。
协调模式对提高协调技能有意义；推荐使用反相和复杂模式的任务。跟踪模式也有作用，强制光标移动速度的任务比自由选择速度的任务具有更大的提高协调技能的潜力。控制技能的提高导致上肢肌肉骨骼负荷的减少。可以假设，使用适当的训练来提高协调技能可以帮助减少肌肉骨骼负荷。
