Hammer Erin, Brooks M Alison, Hetzel Scott, Arakkal Alan, Comstock R Dawn
Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
Orthop J Sports Med. 2020 Feb 25;8(2):2325967120903699. doi: 10.1177/2325967120903699. eCollection 2020 Feb.
Injury epidemiology for boys' high school contact and collision sport has been described in several overlapping but fragmented studies. Comprehensive comparisons of injuries sustained in boys' soccer, wrestling, football, ice hockey, and lacrosse are lacking.
To describe patterns of injury by severity, body site, and diagnosis among high school boys' contact and collision sports in the United States.
Descriptive epidemiology study.
Injury rates and rate ratios (RRs) were calculated for injuries sustained in boys' high school soccer, wrestling, football, ice hockey, and lacrosse through use of the High School RIO (Reporting Information Online) surveillance data from 2008-2009 through 2012-2013. Injury patterns were described by site, diagnosis, time loss, and severity. Severe injury was defined as an injury that resulted in 21 days or more of time loss from sport participation. Risk of sustaining a concussion was compared between sports.
The risk of sustaining an injury was higher in competition compared with practice overall (RR, 4.01; 95% CI, 3.90-4.12); the same pattern was true for severe injuries (RR, 4.61; 95% CI, 4.34-4.90). Football players experienced the highest injury rate (3.87 per 1000 athlete-exposures [AEs]) and the highest severe injury rate (0.80 per 1000 AEs). Overall, the most commonly injured body site was the head/face (22.5%), and the most prevalent injury diagnosis was ligament sprain not requiring surgery (23.5%). The most frequently injured body site from severe injury was the knee (24.6%), and fracture or avulsion was the most prevalent severe injury diagnosis (37.0%). Football players had a significantly higher risk of sustaining a concussion compared with other contact or collision sport athletes ( < .05).
Injuries rates were higher in competition than those in practice for boys' high school contact and collision athletes. Football players sustained the highest injury rate, the highest severe injury rate, and the highest concussion rate among the sports included in this analysis. Understanding these patterns of injury can generate policy and rule changes to make sports safer and maintain high levels of participation.
关于美国高中男子接触性和碰撞性运动的损伤流行病学，已有多项研究进行了描述，但这些研究相互重叠且零散。目前缺乏对男子足球、摔跤、橄榄球、冰球和长曲棍球运动中损伤情况的全面比较。
描述美国高中男子接触性和碰撞性运动中按严重程度、身体部位和诊断分类的损伤模式。
描述性流行病学研究。
利用2008 - 2009年至2012 - 2013年的高中RIO（在线报告信息）监测数据，计算男子高中足球、摔跤、橄榄球、冰球和长曲棍球运动中损伤的发生率和率比（RRs）。通过部位、诊断、失能时间和严重程度描述损伤模式。严重损伤定义为导致运动参与时间损失21天或更长时间的损伤。比较不同运动中发生脑震荡的风险。
总体而言，比赛中的受伤风险高于训练（RR，4.01；95%可信区间，3.90 - 4.12）；严重损伤情况也是如此（RR，4.61；95%可信区间，4.34 - 4.90）。橄榄球运动员的损伤发生率最高（每1000运动员暴露次数[AEs]为3.87次），严重损伤发生率也最高（每1000 AEs为0.80次）。总体而言，最常受伤的身体部位是头部/面部（22.5%），最常见的损伤诊断是无需手术的韧带扭伤（23.5%）。严重损伤中最常受伤的身体部位是膝盖（24.6%），骨折或撕脱是最常见的严重损伤诊断（37.0%）。与其他接触性或碰撞性运动运动员相比，橄榄球运动员发生脑震荡的风险显著更高（P <.05）。
对于高中男子接触性和碰撞性运动运动员，比赛中的受伤率高于训练。在本分析所涵盖的运动中，橄榄球运动员的损伤发生率最高、严重损伤发生率最高且脑震荡发生率最高。了解这些损伤模式可为制定政策和规则变革提供依据，从而使运动更安全并保持较高的参与度。
