Derome Mélodie, Tonini Emiliana, Zöller Daniela, Schaer Marie, Eliez Stephan, Debbané Martin
Developmental Clinical Psychology Research Unit, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
Developmental Neuroimaging and Psychopathology Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
Schizophr Bull. 2020 Sep 21;46(5):1306-1316. doi: 10.1093/schbul/sbaa020.
Investigating potential gray matter differences in adolescents presenting higher levels of schizotypy personality traits could bring further insights into the development of schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Research has yet to examine the morphological correlates of schizotypy features during adolescence prospectively, and no information is available on the developmental trajectories from adolescence to adulthood. We employed mixed model regression analysis to investigate developmental trajectories of cortical thickness (CT) in relation to schizotypy dimensions in a cohort of 109 adolescents from the general population for whom MRI-scans were acquired over a 5-year period, culminating in a total of 271 scans. Structural data were processed with FreeSurfer software, statistical analyses were conducted using mixed regression models following a ROI-based approach, and schizotypy was assessed with the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire (SPQ). Accelerated thinning was observed in the posterior cingulate cortex in relation to high levels of positive schizotypy, whereas high levels of disorganized schizotypy were associated with a similar trajectory pattern in the anterior cingulate cortex. The developmental course of CT in the prefrontal, occipital, and cingulate cortices differed between adolescents expressing higher vs lower levels of negative schizotypy. Participants reporting high scores on all schizotypy dimensions were associated with differential trajectories of CT in posterior cingulate cortex and occipital cortex. Consistently with prospective developmental studies of clinical risk conversion, the negative schizotypy dimension appears to constitute the most informative dimension for psychosis-related psychopathology, as its cerebral correlates in adolescents most closely overlap with results found in clinical high risk for psychosis studies.
研究具有较高精神分裂症型人格特质的青少年潜在的灰质差异，可能会为精神分裂症谱系障碍的发展带来进一步的见解。此前的研究尚未前瞻性地考察青少年期精神分裂症型特征的形态学相关性，也没有关于从青少年期到成年期发展轨迹的信息。我们采用混合模型回归分析，对109名来自普通人群的青少年队列进行研究，这些青少年在5年期间接受了MRI扫描，总共进行了271次扫描，以考察与精神分裂症型维度相关的皮质厚度（CT）的发展轨迹。结构数据使用FreeSurfer软件进行处理，统计分析采用基于感兴趣区域的方法，使用混合回归模型进行，精神分裂症型使用精神分裂症型人格问卷（SPQ）进行评估。观察到与高水平的阳性精神分裂症型相关的后扣带回皮质加速变薄，而高水平的紊乱型精神分裂症型与前扣带回皮质的类似轨迹模式相关。前额叶、枕叶和扣带回皮质的CT发展过程在表达高水平与低水平阴性精神分裂症型的青少年之间存在差异。在所有精神分裂症型维度上得分高的参与者与后扣带回皮质和枕叶皮质的CT差异轨迹相关。与临床风险转化的前瞻性发展研究一致，阴性精神分裂症型维度似乎构成了与精神病相关精神病理学最具信息性的维度，因为其在青少年中的脑相关性与精神病临床高危研究中的结果最为密切重叠。
