Membrane fouling in microfiltration of alkali/surfactant/polymer flooding oilfield wastewater: Effect of interactions of key foulants.

HYPOTHESIS

Membrane filtration is a promising technology for the treatment of alkali/surfactant/polymer (ASP) flooding oilfield wastewater, which contains high concentration of salt, surfactant, polymer and crude oil. The interactions of key foulants may influence the degree of membrane fouling. By comparing flux decline and interfacial free energies, it should be possible to derive the foulants governing the interactions with the membrane.

EXPERIMENTS

Polytetrafluoroethylene microfiltration membrane was employed to treat eleven types of model solutions to understand the effect of the interactions of key foulants on membrane fouling. The extended Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek theory was used to quantify the foulant-membrane and foulant-foulant interaction energies. The cake models were implemented to analyze the fouling form. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, and contact angle were used to study the surface properties of various membranes.

FINDINGS

Microfiltration experiments and thermodynamic analysis revealed that both ions and sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate could mitigate membrane fouling caused by anionic polyacrylamide (APAM) and crude oil. Moreover, APAM would produce a "shielding effect" on crude oil fouling. In addition, complete pore blocking, which primarily occurred on the membrane surface and formed a fouling layer, was the dominant form of membrane fouling.