Human Development and Family Studies, 33700Penn State Fayette, The Eberly Campus, Lemont Furnace, PA, USA.
Psychol Rep. 2021 Apr;124(2):651-692. doi: 10.1177/0033294120909447. Epub 2020 Mar 5.
The human need for sleep is universal and unquestioned; however, humans vary in their sleep needs according to age, individual differences, as well as cultural and social norms and practices. Therefore, what is "normal" in infant sleep and the development of sleep architecture in humans is highly dependent on biological and sociocultural variables as well as socially constructed assumptions about what infant sleep "should" look like. This paper uses a multidisciplinary approach to review papers from fields including pediatrics, anthropology, psychology, medicine, and sociology to understand "normal" infant sleep. Because human culture and behavioral practice changes much more quickly than evolved human biology, and because human evolutionary history occurred in the context of breastfeeding and cosleeping, new work in the field of infant sleep architecture development would benefit from a multidisciplinary approach. To come to a consensus about what is "normal" infant sleep, researchers must agree on underlying basic assumptions of infant sleep from which to ask question and interpret findings.
人类对睡眠的需求是普遍且毋庸置疑的；然而，人类的睡眠需求因年龄、个体差异以及文化和社会规范和实践而有所不同。因此，婴儿睡眠中的“正常”情况以及人类睡眠结构的发展在很大程度上取决于生物和社会文化变量，以及关于婴儿睡眠“应该”是什么样子的社会建构假设。本文采用多学科方法，综述了儿科、人类学、心理学、医学和社会学等领域的论文，以了解“正常”婴儿睡眠。由于人类文化和行为实践的变化速度远远快于人类进化生物学，而且人类进化史发生在母乳喂养和同睡的背景下，因此婴儿睡眠结构发展领域的新工作将受益于多学科方法。为了就什么是“正常”婴儿睡眠达成共识，研究人员必须就婴儿睡眠的基本假设达成一致，这些假设是提出问题和解释发现的基础。
