Equipe de Recherche en Epidémiologie Nutritionnelle (EREN), Université Paris 13, INSERM (U1153), INRA (U1125), CNAM, Centre de Recherche en Epidémiologie et Statistiques, Université de Paris, 74 rue Marcel Cachin, 93017, Bobigny, France.
ADEME (Agence de l'Environnement et de la Maîtrise de l'Energie), 20 avenue du Grésillé, BP 90406, 49004, Angers, France.
Eur J Epidemiol. 2020 May;35(5):471-481. doi: 10.1007/s10654-020-00619-2. Epub 2020 Mar 5.
To ensure a sustainable development, it is essential to better characterize the relationships between diet sustainability and health. We investigated the associations between sustainable dietary patterns, assessed using the Sustainable Diet Index (SDI) and the risk of cancer and cardiovascular diseases in a large prospective cohort of French volunteers. We computed the SDI among 25,592 participants of the NutriNet-Santé cohort using a database developed within the BioNutriNet project comprising nutritional, behavioral, environmental and economic data. Health status of each participant was collected from 2014 to 2018 and validated by physicians. Associations between the SDI and risk of chronic diseases (cancer and cardiovascular diseases) were assessed using multivariable Cox models. 640 incident chronic diseases occurred during the 3.8-year follow-up (483 cancer cases and 158 cardiovascular disease cases). A higher SDI was associated with a lower risk of overall chronic diseases after adjustment for potential confounding factors. Participants in the fourth quartile, reflecting the highest sustainable dietary patterns, exhibited a significant decrease in risk of cancers or cardiovascular diseases (HR = 0.61 (95% CI 0.47-0.80), P-trend = 0.0002). More specifically, this association was observed for cancers in the fully adjusted model but was not statistically significant for cardiovascular diseases. Although these results need to be confirmed by other observational studies, they support the fact that a wide adoption of sustainable dietary patterns may contribute to improving global health in France and argue for existing dietary patterns exhibiting cobenefits for human health and the environment.
为了确保可持续发展，更好地描述饮食可持续性与健康之间的关系至关重要。我们研究了使用可持续饮食指数（SDI）评估的可持续饮食模式与法国志愿者大队列中癌症和心血管疾病风险之间的关联。我们使用由营养、行为、环境和经济数据组成的 BioNutriNet 项目内开发的数据库，在 NutriNet-Santé 队列的 25592 名参与者中计算了 SDI。每位参与者的健康状况从 2014 年到 2018 年进行收集，并由医生进行验证。使用多变量 Cox 模型评估 SDI 与慢性疾病（癌症和心血管疾病）风险之间的关联。在 3.8 年的随访期间，发生了 640 例新发慢性疾病（483 例癌症病例和 158 例心血管疾病病例）。在调整潜在混杂因素后，SDI 越高，整体慢性疾病的风险越低。在第四四分位数的参与者，反映了最高的可持续饮食模式，癌症或心血管疾病的风险显著降低（HR=0.61（95%CI 0.47-0.80），P 趋势=0.0002）。更具体地说，在完全调整模型中观察到了这种关联，但对于心血管疾病，这种关联不具有统计学意义。尽管这些结果需要通过其他观察性研究来确认，但它们支持了广泛采用可持续饮食模式可能有助于改善法国全球健康的事实，并支持了现有的饮食模式对人类健康和环境具有协同效益的观点。
