Son Ji Hye, Kim Jung Hyun, Chang Hun Soo, Park Jong Sook, Park Choon Sik
Department of Interdisciplinary Program in Biomedical Science Major, Graduate School, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Korea.
Department of Internal Medicine, Korean Armed Forces Capital Hospital, Seongnam, Korea.
Allergy Asthma Immunol Res. 2020 May;12(3):412-429. doi: 10.4168/aair.2020.12.3.412.
Different characteristics of airway microbiome in asthmatics may lead to differential immune responses, which in turn cause eosinophilic or neutrophilic airway inflammation. However, the relationships among these factors have yet to be fully elucidated.
Microbes in induced sputum samples were subjected to sequence analysis of 16S rRNA. Airway inflammatory phenotypes were defined as neutrophils (>60%) and eosinophils (>3%), and inflammation endotypes were defined by levels of T helper (Th) 1 (interferon-γ), Th2 (interleukin [IL]-5 and IL-13), Th-17 (IL-17), and innate Th2 (IL-25, IL-33, and thymic stromal lymphopoietin) cytokines, inflammasomes (IL-1β), epithelial activation markers (granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and IL-8), and Inflammation (IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α) cytokines in sputum supernatants was assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
The numbers of operational taxonomic units were significantly higher in the mixed (n = 21) and neutrophilic (n = 23) inflammation groups than in the paucigranulocytic inflammation group (n = 19; < 0.05). At the species level, , , , , , and levels were significantly higher in the eosinophilic inflammation group (n = 20), whereas levels were significantly higher in the neutrophilic inflammation group compared to the other subtypes ( < 0.05). Additionally, IL-5 and IL-13 concentrations were correlated with the percentage of eosinophils ( < 0.05) and IL-13 levels were positively correlated with the read counts of and ( < 0.05). IL-1β concentrations were correlated with the percentage of neutrophils ( < 0.05). had a tendency to be positively correlated with the read count of ( = 0.095), and was negatively correlated with that of ( < 0.05).
Difference of microbial patterns in airways may induce distinctive endotypes of asthma, which is responsible for the neutrophilic or eosinophilic inflammation in asthma.
哮喘患者气道微生物群的不同特征可能导致不同的免疫反应，进而引起嗜酸性粒细胞性或中性粒细胞性气道炎症。然而，这些因素之间的关系尚未完全阐明。
对诱导痰样本中的微生物进行16S rRNA序列分析。气道炎症表型定义为中性粒细胞（>60%）和嗜酸性粒细胞（>3%），炎症内型由辅助性T细胞（Th）1（干扰素-γ）、Th2（白细胞介素[IL]-5和IL-13）、Th17（IL-17）和固有Th2（IL-25、IL-33和胸腺基质淋巴细胞生成素）细胞因子、炎性小体（IL-1β）、上皮激活标志物（粒细胞-巨噬细胞集落刺激因子和IL-8）的水平定义，痰液上清液中的炎症（IL-6和肿瘤坏死因子-α）细胞因子通过酶联免疫吸附测定进行评估。
混合性炎症组（n = 21）和中性粒细胞性炎症组（n = 23）的可操作分类单元数量显著高于少粒细胞性炎症组（n = 19；P < 0.05）。在物种水平上，嗜酸性粒细胞性炎症组（n = 20）中[具体物种名称1]、[具体物种名称2]、[具体物种名称3]、[具体物种名称4]、[具体物种名称5]、[具体物种名称6]和[具体物种名称7]的水平显著更高，而与其他亚型相比，中性粒细胞性炎症组中[具体物种名称8]的水平显著更高（P < 0.05）。此外，IL-5和IL-13浓度与嗜酸性粒细胞百分比相关（P < 0.05），IL-13水平与[具体物种名称9]和[具体物种名称10]的读数计数呈正相关（P < 0.05）。IL-1β浓度与中性粒细胞百分比相关（P < 0.05）。[具体物种名称11]与[具体物种名称12]的读数计数有正相关趋势（P = 0.095），而与[具体物种名称13]的读数计数呈负相关（P < 0.05）。
气道微生物模式的差异可能诱导哮喘的独特内型，这导致了哮喘中的中性粒细胞性或嗜酸性粒细胞性炎症。
