Gorgiladze N, Zoidze E, Gerzmava O
Grigol Robakidze University, Tbilisi, Georgia.
Georgian Med News. 2020 Jan(298):159-165.
Health systems provide health actions-activities to improve or maintain health. These actions take place in the context of and are influenced by political, cultural, social, and institutional factors. Demographic and socioeconomic makeup, including genetics and personal resources, affect the health status of individuals seeking care. Access to the health care system is required to obtain the care that maintains or improves health, but simple access is not enough; the system's capacities must be applied skillfully. Thus, quality means optimizing material inputs and practitioner skills to produce health. As the Institute of Medicine defines it, quality is "the degree to which health services for individuals and populations increase the likelihood of desired health outcomes and are consistent with current professional knowledge." Globally, there is an acute shortage of human resources for health (HRH), and low-income countries bear the highest burden. This shortage has not only considerably constrained the achievement of health-related development goals but also impeded accelerated progress towards universal health coverage (UHC). Like any other low-income country, Georgia is experiencing a health workforce shortage, particularly in specialized healthcare workers to cater to the rapidly growing need for specialized health care (MOH Training Needs Assessment report (2015). The efficient use of the existing health workforce, including task shifting, is under consideration as a short-term stopgap measure. At the same time, deliberate efforts are being put on retention policies and increased production of HRH. The results of the analysis confirmed the essential leadership and managerial competencies for public hospital managers in Georgia. These competencies include Policy development and implementation, strategy development and orientation; plan-making; human resource management; financial management; equipment and infrastructure management, information management, risk and disaster management, self-management; quality management; investigation, supervision, monitoring and evaluation, ethics and knowledge. There are necessary competencies. Managers have to fulfill their tasks effectively and use them as a basis to develop competency-based training for the current management taskforce and preparing future hospital managers. This kind of study was limited before starting short and long term (including Master program Health Management and Administration) educational programs in different regions of Georgia. Thus, it should be further studied to gain an overall and clear picture of leadership and managerial competencies for hospital public managers. Taking into account the labor market flows in Georgia, to train and inspire a new generation of Health Administration professionals in global network atmosphere, provide broad knowledge, skills and expertise that is needed to undertake leadership roles in addressing critical issues of Health Administration at the national and global level is an urgent need. For this purpose, the elaboration and implementation of student-centered and competence-oriented Georgian-USA Collaborative Master Program in Health Administration with our future activities will be a relevant approach.
卫生系统提供旨在改善或维持健康的卫生行动及活动。这些行动在政治、文化、社会和制度因素的背景下展开，并受其影响。人口结构和社会经济构成，包括遗传因素和个人资源，会影响寻求医疗服务者的健康状况。要获得维持或改善健康的医疗服务，必须接入卫生保健系统，但仅有接入是不够的；还必须巧妙运用该系统的能力。因此，质量意味着优化物质投入和从业者技能以促进健康。正如美国医学研究所所定义的，质量是“个人和人群的卫生服务增加期望健康结果的可能性并与当前专业知识相符的程度”。在全球范围内，卫生人力资源严重短缺，低收入国家负担最重。这种短缺不仅严重制约了与健康相关的发展目标的实现，也阻碍了在普及健康覆盖方面加速取得进展。与其他低收入国家一样，格鲁吉亚也面临卫生人力短缺问题，尤其是满足快速增长的专科医疗需求的专科医护人员短缺（卫生部培训需求评估报告（2015年））。将现有卫生人力的高效利用，包括任务转移，作为一项短期权宜措施加以考虑。与此同时，正在认真制定留用政策并增加卫生人力资源的培养。分析结果证实了格鲁吉亚公立医院管理者所需的关键领导和管理能力。这些能力包括政策制定与实施、战略制定与导向、规划制定、人力资源管理、财务管理、设备与基础设施管理、信息管理、风险与灾害管理、自我管理、质量管理、调查、监督、监测与评估、伦理与知识。这些都是必要的能力。管理者必须有效地履行其职责，并以此为基础为当前的管理团队开展基于能力的培训，并培养未来的医院管理者。在格鲁吉亚不同地区启动短期和长期（包括卫生管理与行政硕士项目）教育项目之前，此类研究较为有限。因此，应进一步开展研究，以全面、清晰地了解医院公共管理者的领导和管理能力。考虑到格鲁吉亚的劳动力市场动态，在全球网络环境中培养和激励新一代卫生行政专业人员，提供在国家和全球层面应对卫生行政关键问题时担任领导角色所需的广泛知识、技能和专业知识迫在眉睫。为此，精心制定并实施以学生为中心、以能力为导向的格鲁吉亚 -美国卫生行政合作硕士项目以及我们未来的活动将是一种切实可行的方法。
