Fasciani Irene, Petragnano Francesco, Aloisi Gabriella, Marampon Francesco, Rossi Mario, Coppolino Maria Francesca, Rossi Rodolfo, Longoni Biancamaria, Scarselli Marco, Maggio Roberto
Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy.
Department of Radiotherapy, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
Neuroscience. 2020 Apr 15;432:216-228. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.02.047. Epub 2020 Mar 4.
Growing awareness of adverse impacts of artificial light on human health has led to recognize light pollution as a significant global environmental issue. Despite, a large number of studies in rodent and monkey models of Parkinson's disease have reported that near infrared light has neuroprotective effects on dopaminergic neurons, recent findings have shown that prolonged exposure of rodents and birds to fluorescent artificial light results in an increase of neuromelanin granules in substantia nigra and loss of dopaminergic neurons. The observed detrimental effect seems to be dependent on a direct effect of light on the substantia nigra rather than a secondary effect of the alterations of circadian rhythms. Moreover, inferences from animal models to human studies have shown a positive correlation between the prevalence of Parkinson's disease and light pollution. The present article discusses experimental evidence supporting a potentially deleterious impact of light on dopaminergic neurons and highlights the mechanisms whereby light might damage neuronal tissue. Moreover, it analyses epidemiological evidence that suggests light pollution to be an environmental risk factor for Parkinson's disease.
人们越来越意识到人造光对人类健康的不利影响，这使得光污染被视为一个重大的全球环境问题。尽管在帕金森病的啮齿动物和猴子模型中有大量研究报告称近红外光对多巴胺能神经元具有神经保护作用，但最近的研究结果表明，啮齿动物和鸟类长期暴露于荧光人造光会导致黑质中神经黑色素颗粒增加以及多巴胺能神经元丧失。观察到的有害影响似乎取决于光对黑质的直接作用，而不是昼夜节律改变的继发作用。此外，从动物模型到人体研究的推断表明，帕金森病的患病率与光污染之间存在正相关。本文讨论了支持光对多巴胺能神经元具有潜在有害影响的实验证据，并强调了光可能损害神经元组织的机制。此外，还分析了流行病学证据，这些证据表明光污染是帕金森病的一个环境风险因素。
