Mannheim Institute of Public Health, Social and Preventive Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Ludolf-Krehl-Straße 7-11, 68167, Mannheim, Germany.
Association of Dermatological Prevention (ADP), Hamburg, Germany.
J Cancer Educ. 2021 Oct;36(5):1045-1053. doi: 10.1007/s13187-020-01732-2.
Sunscreen use is an important aspect of sun protective behavior. Previous studies revealed deficits in sunscreen use. Our aim was to quantify sunscreen use in a nationwide representative study in Germany as well as to develop and test an item battery on reasons for none use of sunscreen. We analyzed data of the National Cancer Aid Monitoring (NCAM; wave 4; n = 3000, aged 14-45). To describe those who only use sunscreen rarely or never, we used chi statistics and logistic regression analysis. In addition, we utilized a newly developed item battery on barriers to sunscreen use. Here, we used Cronbach's alpha to investigate reliability. In total, 20.7% reported using sunscreen rarely or never. Infrequent or none use of sunscreen was associated with male sex, immigrant background, none or rare sunbathing in summer, and current or past use of sunbeds. Participants with higher skin cancer risk (e.g., pale skin) were less likely to use sunscreen infrequently or never. The major reasons for not using sunscreen were inconvenience and no perceived need for applying sunscreen. Overall, internal consistency of the item battery on potential barriers to sunscreen use was very good (Cronbach's alpha = 0.865). We found deficits in sunscreen use especially in sunbed users, men, and individuals with immigrant background. Our results give important implications for future prevention and health promotion campaigns on sunscreen use.
防晒霜的使用是防晒行为的一个重要方面。先前的研究揭示了防晒霜使用方面的缺陷。我们的目的是在德国进行一项全国性的代表性研究，以量化防晒霜的使用情况，并开发和测试一个关于防晒霜不使用原因的项目电池。我们分析了国家癌症援助监测（NCAM；第 4 波；n=3000，年龄在 14-45 岁之间）的数据。为了描述那些很少或从不使用防晒霜的人，我们使用了卡方检验和逻辑回归分析。此外，我们还利用了一个新开发的防晒霜使用障碍项目电池。在这里，我们使用 Cronbach 的 alpha 来调查可靠性。总的来说，20.7%的人报告很少或从不使用防晒霜。不经常或不使用防晒霜与男性、移民背景、夏季不常或不晒太阳浴以及当前或过去使用日光浴床有关。皮肤癌风险较高的参与者（如皮肤白皙者）不太可能不经常或从不使用防晒霜。不使用防晒霜的主要原因是不方便和没有涂抹防晒霜的感觉。总的来说，防晒霜使用障碍项目电池的内部一致性非常好（Cronbach 的 alpha=0.865）。我们发现防晒霜的使用存在缺陷，尤其是在使用日光浴床的人群、男性和有移民背景的人群中。我们的研究结果对未来的防晒霜使用预防和健康促进活动具有重要意义。
