Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Iran.
Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Iran.
J Environ Manage. 2020 May 1;261:110190. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110190. Epub 2020 Mar 2.
Quality of soils of the arid zones with low organic matter can be improved through the application of natural amendments especially biochar from various available feedstocks. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impacts of corn residue and poultry manure and their biochars on soil organic carbon (SOC), hot-water soluble carbohydrates (HWSC), basal soil respiration (BSR),and structural stability determined by HEMC (high-energy moisture characteristic). A sandy loam soil in pots were thoroughly mixed with 1, 2 and 4% w/w of corn residues (CR) and poultry manure (PM) feedstock and their biochars prepared at 350 and 650 °C of slow pyrolysis. Maize seeds were planted in pots and grown until physiological maturity when soil characteristics were measured. Treatments considerably altered the means of studied soil quality indicators, and increased SOC (1.5-10 times) and HWSC (1-7 times), and HEMC indices: volume of drainable pores ratio (VDPR, 1.5- 3.5 times), and stability ratio (SR, 1-3 times). Increasing pyrolysis temperature, regardless of the type and rate of feedstock, significantly decreased the SOC, BSR and percent of water-stable aggregates, and consequently structural stability indices. Contribution of both PM feedstock and its biochars was less effective than the CR ones (particularly the biochar produced at higher pyrolysis temperature), due to elevated sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) associated with higher slaking, physico-chemical dispersion and lower aggregate and structural stability.
在干旱地区，土壤质量通常较差，有机物含量较低。通过施加天然改良剂（特别是各种来源的生物炭）可以改善这种情况。本研究的目的是评估玉米秸秆和家禽粪便及其生物炭对土壤有机碳（SOC）、热水溶性碳水化合物（HWSC）、基础土壤呼吸（BSR）和由 HEMC（高能量水分特征）确定的结构稳定性的影响。在盆中，将砂壤土与 1、2 和 4%（w/w）的玉米秸秆（CR）和家禽粪便（PM）原料及其在 350 和 650°C 的慢速热解制备的生物炭充分混合。在盆中种植玉米种子并生长至生理成熟，然后测量土壤特性。处理显著改变了研究土壤质量指标的平均值，并增加了 SOC（1.5-10 倍）和 HWSC（1-7 倍）以及 HEMC 指数：可排水孔隙比（VDPR，1.5-3.5 倍）和稳定比（SR，1-3 倍）。无论原料类型和速率如何，提高热解温度都会显著降低 SOC、BSR 和水稳性团聚体的百分比，从而降低结构稳定性指数。与 CR 相比，PM 原料及其生物炭的作用效果较差（尤其是在较高热解温度下生产的生物炭），这是因为钠吸附比（SAR）升高，导致较高的崩解、物理化学分散和较低的团聚体和结构稳定性。
