Biochar Engineering Technology Research Center of Guangdong Province, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong, 528000, China.
Biochar Engineering Technology Research Center of Guangdong Province, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong, 528000, China; University of Wuppertal, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Institute of Foundation Engineering, Water- and Waste Management, Laboratory of Soil- and Groundwater-Management, Pauluskirchstraße 7, 42285, Wuppertal, Germany.
J Environ Manage. 2020 May 1;261:110246. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110246. Epub 2020 Mar 2.
Reclamation of degraded soils such as those with low organic carbon content and soils co-contaminated with toxic elements and phthalic acid esters (PAEs) is of great concern. Little is known about the efficiency of plant- and animal-derived biochars for improving plant growth and physicochemical and biological properties of co-contaminated soils, particularly under low content of organic matter. Hence, a pot trial was carried out by growing pak choi (Brassica chinensis L.) to assess the influence of different doses (0, 0.5, 1, 2, and 4%) of animal (pig carcass) and wood (Platanus orientalis) derived biochars on soil properties, nutrient availabilities, plant growth, and soil enzyme activities in two soils containing low (LOC) and high (HOC) organic carbon contents and co-contaminated with di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalic acid (DEHP) and cadmium (Cd). Biochar applications improved pH, salinity, carbon content, and cation exchange capacity of both soils. Addition of biochars significantly increased the bioavailability and uptake of phosphorus and potassium in the plants in both soils with greater effects from pig biochar than wood biochar. Biochar additions also significantly enhanced urease, sucrase, and catalase activities, but suppressed acid phosphatase activity in both soils. The impact of pig biochar was stronger on urease and acid phosphatase, while the wood biochar was more effective with sucrase and catalase activities. The biomass yield of pak choi was significantly increased after biochar addition to both soils, especially in 2% pig biochar treatment in the LOC soil. The positive response of soil enzymes activities and plant growth for biochar addition to the Cd and DEHP co-contaminated soils indicate that both biochars, particularly the pig biochar can mitigate the risk of these pollutants and prove to be eco-friendly and low-cost amendments for reclaiming these degraded soils.
退化土壤的开垦，如那些有机碳含量低、同时受到有毒元素和邻苯二甲酸酯（PAEs）污染的土壤，是人们非常关注的问题。对于植物和动物源生物炭对改善受污染土壤的植物生长以及理化和生物学性质的效率，人们知之甚少，特别是在低有机质含量的情况下。因此，进行了一项盆栽试验，种植白菜（Brassica chinensis L.）来评估不同剂量（0、0.5、1、2 和 4%）的动物（猪尸体）和木质（悬铃木）源生物炭对两种土壤性质的影响，这两种土壤含有低（LOC）和高（HOC）有机碳含量，并同时受到邻苯二甲酸二（2-乙基己基）酯（DEHP）和镉（Cd）的污染。生物炭的应用提高了两种土壤的 pH 值、盐度、碳含量和阳离子交换能力。生物炭的添加显著增加了植物对磷和钾的生物有效性和吸收，在两种土壤中，猪源生物炭的效果大于木质源生物炭。生物炭的添加还显著增强了两种土壤中的脲酶、蔗糖酶和过氧化氢酶活性，但抑制了酸磷酸酶活性。猪源生物炭对脲酶和酸性磷酸酶的影响更强，而木质源生物炭对蔗糖酶和过氧化氢酶的活性更有效。生物炭添加后，白菜的生物量在两种土壤中均显著增加，特别是在 LOC 土壤中添加 2%的猪源生物炭处理。土壤酶活性和植物生长对 Cd 和 DEHP 复合污染土壤添加生物炭的积极响应表明，两种生物炭，特别是猪源生物炭可以降低这些污染物的风险，并被证明是一种环保且低成本的修复这些退化土壤的方法。
