Key Laboratory of Soil Contamination Bioremediation of Zhejiang Province, School of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China.
Biochar Engineering Technology Research Center of Guangdong Province, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong 528000, China; University of Wuppertal, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Institute of Foundation Engineering, Water- and Waste-Management, Laboratory of Soil- and Groundwater-Management, Pauluskirchstraße 7, 42285 Wuppertal, Germany.
Sci Total Environ. 2019 Aug 15;678:43-52. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.04.417. Epub 2019 Apr 29.
Soil co-contamination of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) and phthalate esters has become prominent due to its potential adverse effect on human food supply. There is limited information on using wood- and animal-derived biochars for the remediation of co-contaminated soils. Therefore, a pot experiment was conducted using Brassica chinensis L. as a bio-indicator plant to investigate the effect of P. orientalis biochar and pig biochar application on the bioavailability of cadmium (Cd) and di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) and on plant physiological parameters (malondialdehyde, proline and soluble sugars). Biochar materials were applied to two soils containing low (LOC) and high (HOC) organic carbon content at rates of 0, 0.5, 1, 2, and 4%. To better understand the influence of biochar, physicochemical properties and X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS), Fourier transform-infrared spectrometry (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were characterized. Biochar application increased soil pH, organic carbon content, and available phosphorus content. Increasing biochar application rates decreased DTPA-extractable Cd and extractable DEHP concentrations in both soils. Biochar application reduced the plant uptake of both Cd and DEHP from co-contaminated soils; the maximum reduction of Cd (92.7%) and DEHP (52.0%) was observed in 2% pig biochar-treated LOC soil. The responses of plant physiological parameters to increased biochar applications indicated that less Cd and DEHP were taken up by plants. Pig biochar was more effective (P < 0.05) at reducing the bioavailability of Cd and DEHP in both soils than P. orientalis biochar; therefore, pig biochar had greater potential for improving the quality of the crop. However, the highest application rate (4%) of pig biochar restricted plant seed germination. Key factors influencing the bioavailability of Cd and DEHP in soils were soil organic carbon content, biochar properties (such as surface alkalinity, available phosphorus content and ash content) and biochar application rates.
由于潜在有毒元素（PTEs）和邻苯二甲酸酯在土壤中的共污染对人类食物供应可能产生的不利影响，其已成为一个突出问题。利用木质素和动物源生物炭修复共污染土壤的相关信息十分有限。因此，本研究采用小白菜作为生物指示植物进行了盆栽实验，以研究东方油杉生物炭和猪粪生物炭的施加对土壤中镉（Cd）和邻苯二甲酸二（2-乙基己基）酯（DEHP）生物有效性以及植物生理参数（丙二醛、脯氨酸和可溶性糖）的影响。生物炭材料以 0、0.5、1、2 和 4%的添加率应用于两种有机碳含量低（LOC）和高（HOC）的土壤中。为了更好地了解生物炭的影响，对土壤理化性质和 X 射线衍射（XRD）、能量色散 X 射线光谱（EDS）、傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）和扫描电子显微镜（SEM）进行了特征分析。生物炭的施加增加了土壤 pH 值、有机碳含量和有效磷含量。随着生物炭施加率的增加，两种土壤中 DTPA 可提取 Cd 和可提取 DEHP 的浓度均降低。生物炭的施加降低了植物对共污染土壤中 Cd 和 DEHP 的吸收；在 LOC 土壤中 2%猪粪生物炭处理下，Cd（92.7%）和 DEHP（52.0%）的最大减少量。随着生物炭施加量的增加，植物生理参数的响应表明植物吸收的 Cd 和 DEHP 减少。与东方油杉生物炭相比，猪粪生物炭在两种土壤中降低 Cd 和 DEHP 生物有效性的效果更显著（P < 0.05）；因此，猪粪生物炭在提高作物质量方面具有更大的潜力。然而，猪粪生物炭的最高施加率（4%）限制了植物种子的萌发。影响土壤中 Cd 和 DEHP 生物有效性的关键因素包括土壤有机碳含量、生物炭特性（如表面碱性、有效磷含量和灰分含量）和生物炭施加率。
