Arcos Asier Los, Martínez-Santos Raúl, Castillo Daniel
Department of Physical Education and Sport, University of the Basque Country, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.
Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Isabel I, Calle de Fernán González, Burgos, Spain.
J Hum Kinet. 2020 Jan 31;71:211-218. doi: 10.2478/hukin-2019-0085. eCollection 2020 Jan.
The aim of this study was threefold: 1) to assess the configuration of an elite reserve soccer team, 2) to compare physical fitness performance of promoted and new players according to the playing position, and 3) to analyze the level of competitive participation attained by these players. We considered physical fitness tests (5 m and 15 m sprint, countermovement jump [CMJ] and aerobic endurance) performed by 192 players (age = 20.2 ± 2.3 years) enrolled in the reserve team of a Spanish La Liga club from 1994 to 2013. The players were classified according to the previous club criterion (promoted from the soccer academy and new players signed from other clubs), b) their playing position, and c) the competitive level attained until the 2016/2017 season (Spanish 1st and 2nd Divisions and the remaining competition levels). The proportion of promoted and new players was similar (p = 0.47). Overall, no substantial differences (unclear-small) were found in physical fitness performance between promoted and new players. Considering the playing position, promoted lateral defenders (LDs) showed better sprinting (ES = moderate) and CMJ (ES = moderate) performance than new LDs. In addition, promoted central midfielders (CMs) demonstrated better performance in the 5 m sprint and the CMJ (ES = moderate) than new CMs. The percentage of players who later competed in the Spanish 1st and 2nd Divisions was greater in promoted players compared to new players (p = 0.006). Physical fitness performance did not determine the selection of new players in a soccer elite reserve team. We may conclude that soccer academies should prioritize the selection and the training process of youth soccer players.
1）评估一支精英预备队足球队的配置；2）根据比赛位置比较晋升球员和新球员的体能表现；3）分析这些球员达到的竞争参与水平。我们考虑了1994年至2013年期间在西班牙甲级联赛一家俱乐部的预备队中注册的192名球员（年龄=20.2±2.3岁）进行的体能测试（5米和15米短跑、反向移动跳跃[CMJ]和有氧耐力）。球员们根据以下标准进行分类：a）先前的俱乐部标准（从足球学院晋升和从其他俱乐部签约的新球员），b）他们的比赛位置，以及c）直到2016/2017赛季达到的竞争水平（西班牙甲级和乙级联赛以及其他竞争水平）。晋升球员和新球员的比例相似（p=0.47）。总体而言，晋升球员和新球员在体能表现上没有发现实质性差异（不明显-小）。考虑到比赛位置，晋升的边后卫（LD）在短跑（效应量=中等）和CMJ（效应量=中等）方面表现优于新的边后卫。此外，晋升的中前卫（CM）在5米短跑和CMJ（效应量=中等）方面表现优于新的中前卫。与新球员相比，晋升球员中后来参加西班牙甲级和乙级联赛的球员百分比更高（p=0.006）。体能表现并不能决定足球精英预备队中对新球员的选拔。我们可以得出结论，足球学院应该优先考虑青少年足球运动员的选拔和训练过程。
