Role of microsatellites in genetic analysis of silkworm: a review.

In the genome of Linnaeus (1758), the microsatellites, or simple sequence repeats (SSR), feature among their particular characteristics a high adenine and thymine (A/T) content, low number of repeats, low frequency, and a grouping in "families" with similar flanking regions. Such characteristics may be the result of a complex interaction between factors that limit the size and dispersion of SSR loci-such as their high association with transposons-and mean that microsatellites within this taxon suitable as molecular markers are relatively rare. The determination of genetic profiles in populations and cell lines has not been affected owing to the high level of polymorphism, nor has the analysis of diversity, structure and genetic relationships. However, the scarcity of suitable microsatellites has restricted their application in genetic mapping, limiting them to preliminary identification of gene location of genes or quantitative trait loci (QTLs) related to thermotolerance, resistance to viruses, pigmentation patterns, body development and the weight of the cocoon, the cortex, the pupa and the filament. The review confirms that, as markers, microsatellites are versatile and perform well. They could thus be useful both to advance research in emerging countries with few resources seeking to promote sericulture in their territories, and to advance in the genetic and molecular knowledge of characteristics of productive and biological interest, given the latest technological developments in terms of the sequencing, identification, isolation and genotyping of SSR loci.