School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino.
Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy.
Curr Opin Psychiatry. 2020 Jul;33(4):432-438. doi: 10.1097/YCO.0000000000000605.
This review summarises the most recent evidence regarding the effects of diet in preventing and reducing age-related cognitive decline and neurodegenerative diseases.
Recent evidence indicates that nutraceuticals and whole diet approaches may protect against the development of age-related cognitive decline and pathological neurodegeneration. The neuroprotective effects are diverse depending on the nutrient employed and may involve a reduction of neuroinflammation, an activation of the endogenous antioxidant defence system and a modulation of the gut microbiota structure and function.
This review summarises the existing evidence in favour of diet as a viable alternative approach to directly impact cognitive decline and neurodegenerative diseases. The single nutrient (polyphenols, B vitamins, long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids) versus whole diet approach (Mediterranean diet, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension, MIND, Nordic, ketogenic) is presented and discussed. Potential mechanisms of action underlying the beneficial effects of these diets are also described. Implementation of large-scale preventive interventions based on dietary patterns identified as being beneficial to brain health should be a research and public health priority, ideally in conjunction with other health-promoting lifestyle factors.
本篇综述总结了有关饮食在预防和减轻与年龄相关的认知能力下降和神经退行性疾病方面的最新证据。
最近的证据表明，营养保健品和整体饮食方法可能有助于预防与年龄相关的认知能力下降和病理性神经退行性变。神经保护作用因所使用的营养物而不同，可能包括减少神经炎症、激活内源性抗氧化防御系统以及调节肠道微生物组的结构和功能。
本篇综述总结了支持饮食作为直接影响认知能力下降和神经退行性疾病的可行替代方法的现有证据。本文介绍并讨论了单一营养素（多酚、B 族维生素、长链多不饱和脂肪酸）与整体饮食方法（地中海饮食、停止高血压的饮食方法、MIND 饮食、北欧饮食、生酮饮食）。还描述了这些饮食有益影响的潜在作用机制。基于被认为对大脑健康有益的饮食模式实施大规模预防干预措施，应成为研究和公共卫生的优先事项，理想情况下还应结合其他促进健康的生活方式因素。
