Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research & Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia.
Alzheimer's Research Australia, Ralph and Patricia Sarich Neuroscience Research Institute, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia.
Nutrients. 2024 Jan 31;16(3):412. doi: 10.3390/nu16030412.
Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most prevalent form of dementia, is characterized by the accumulation of amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaques and hyperphosphorylated tau tangles. Currently, Alzheimer's disease (AD) impacts 50 million individuals, with projections anticipating an increase to 152 million by the year 2050. Despite the increasing global prevalence of AD, its underlying pathology remains poorly understood, posing challenges for early diagnosis and treatment. Recent research suggests a link between gut dysbiosis and the aggregation of Aβ, the development of tau proteins, and the occurrence of neuroinflammation and oxidative stress are associated with AD. However, investigations into the gut-brain axis (GBA) in the context of AD progression and pathology have yielded inconsistent findings. This review aims to enhance our understanding of microbial diversity at the species level and the role of these species in AD pathology. Additionally, this review addresses the influence of confounding elements, including diet, probiotics, and prebiotics, on AD throughout different stages (preclinical, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and AD) of its progression.
阿尔茨海默病（AD）是最常见的痴呆症形式，其特征是淀粉样蛋白-β（Aβ）斑块和过度磷酸化的 tau 缠结的积累。目前，全球有 5000 万人患有阿尔茨海默病（AD），预计到 2050 年将增加到 1.52 亿人。尽管 AD 的全球患病率不断上升，但它的潜在病理仍未被充分理解，这对早期诊断和治疗构成了挑战。最近的研究表明，肠道菌群失调与 Aβ的聚集、tau 蛋白的形成以及神经炎症和氧化应激的发生之间存在关联，这些都与 AD 有关。然而，在 AD 进展和病理方面对肠道-大脑轴（GBA）的研究得出了不一致的结果。本综述旨在提高我们对物种水平微生物多样性的认识，并了解这些物种在 AD 病理中的作用。此外，本综述还探讨了在 AD 进展的不同阶段（临床前、轻度认知障碍（MCI）和 AD）中，包括饮食、益生菌和益生元在内的混杂因素对 AD 的影响。
