Bristow Claire, Meurer Capella, Simmonds Janette, Snell Tristan
Faculty of Education, Monash University, Wellington Road Clayton, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia.
Health Promot Int. 2020 Dec 1;35(6):1551-1569. doi: 10.1093/heapro/daaa018.
In response to the increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity, public health efforts to curb these conditions have been delivered in abundance. There is concern however that the messages used to target these conditions may be increasing risk factors for disordered eating. Therefore, we sought to systematically review the literature on the effects of anti-obesity public health messages on risk factors for disordered eating. Seven electronic databases were searched for articles meeting the inclusion criteria, resulting in the inclusion of 12 studies of various methodologies that measured one or more risk factors for disordered eating following exposure to public health messages. Few studies specifically and accurately measured disordered eating behaviours. Most studies found that messages were stigmatizing towards persons who are overweight/obese, and exacerbate thin ideals and drive for thinness. Interestingly, the same was not found for measures of body dissatisfaction. Messages promoting smaller meals were also thought to be potential triggers for disordered eating. Whilst the studies included in this review offered both quantitative and qualitative insights into how public health messages may have adverse effects on eating behaviours, there was a consistent lack of valid reporting measures and clear classification of outcomes overall. Hence, future research is recommended using valid reporting tools such as validated questionnaires, as well as prolonged exposure to the intervention condition to determine longer-term impact.
为应对超重和肥胖患病率的不断上升，针对控制这些情况的公共卫生举措大量涌现。然而，人们担心用于针对这些情况的信息可能会增加饮食失调的风险因素。因此，我们试图系统地回顾关于抗肥胖公共卫生信息对饮食失调风险因素影响的文献。我们在七个电子数据库中搜索符合纳入标准的文章，最终纳入了12项采用各种方法的研究，这些研究测量了接触公共卫生信息后饮食失调的一种或多种风险因素。很少有研究专门且准确地测量饮食失调行为。大多数研究发现，这些信息对超重/肥胖者带有污名化，加剧了对瘦的理想追求和对瘦的渴望。有趣的是，在身体不满的测量方面并未发现同样的情况。提倡少食的信息也被认为是饮食失调的潜在诱因。虽然本综述纳入的研究对公共卫生信息如何可能对饮食行为产生不利影响提供了定量和定性的见解，但总体上一直缺乏有效的报告措施和明确的结果分类。因此，建议未来的研究使用有效的报告工具，如经过验证的问卷，以及延长对干预条件的接触时间来确定长期影响。
