School of Psychology, Massey University.
Department of Psychology, Federal University of Paraiba.
Psychol Aging. 2020 May;35(3):345-356. doi: 10.1037/pag0000448. Epub 2020 Mar 9.
This study examines age and sex differences in human values, with GDP, GGI (Gender Gap Index), and individualism-collectivism as culture-level moderators, using representative data for age and sex across 20 countries with substantial cultural variability ( = 21,362). Cross-sectional findings revealed that all values dimensions varied in importance over the life span and that men and women are slightly different across most life stages. Specifically, older adults scored higher than young adults in values with social (interactive and normative) and central goals (suprapersonal and existence), whereas values with personal goals (excitement and promotion) showed the opposite pattern. In general, women were higher on social and central goals and men were higher on personal goals. Interactions between age and sex showed that men and women were identical in excitement values when young, and in interactive values when old, but there were significant differences between them in almost all other life stages. There was almost no moderation effect of culture, supporting the life span development psychology idea that values reflect a universal pattern of human agency in facing challenges over the life span. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
这项研究考察了人类价值观在年龄和性别方面的差异，以 GDP、GGI（性别差距指数）和个人主义-集体主义作为文化层面的调节因素，使用了来自 20 个具有较大文化差异的国家的具有代表性的年龄和性别数据（n=21362）。横断面研究结果表明，所有价值观维度在整个生命周期中都具有重要意义，而且在大多数生命阶段，男性和女性都略有不同。具体而言，老年人在具有社会（互动和规范）和中心目标（超个人和存在）的价值观上的得分高于年轻人，而具有个人目标（兴奋和提升）的价值观则呈现出相反的模式。一般来说，女性在社会和中心目标上得分较高，而男性在个人目标上得分较高。年龄与性别的相互作用表明，男性和女性在年轻时的兴奋价值观上是相同的，在年老时的互动价值观上也是相同的，但在几乎所有其他生命阶段，他们之间都存在显著差异。文化的调节作用几乎没有，这支持了生命全程发展心理学的观点，即价值观反映了人类在整个生命历程中面对挑战的普遍的能动性模式。（PsycInfo数据库记录（c）2020 APA，保留所有权利）。
