Schwartz Shalom H, Rubel-Lifschitz Tammy
Department of Psychology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel.
J Pers Soc Psychol. 2009 Jul;97(1):171-85. doi: 10.1037/a0015546.
How does gender equality relate to men's and women's value priorities? It is hypothesized that, for both sexes, the importance of benevolence, universalism, stimulation, hedonism, and self-direction values increases with greater gender equality, whereas the importance of power, achievement, security, and tradition values decreases. Of particular relevance to the present study, increased gender equality should also permit both sexes to pursue more freely the values they inherently care about more. Drawing on evolutionary and role theories, the authors postulate that women inherently value benevolence and universalism more than men do, whereas men inherently value power, achievement, and stimulation more than women do. Thus, as gender equality increases, sex differences in these values should increase, whereas sex differences in other values should not be affected by increases in gender equality. Studies of 25 representative national samples and of students from 68 countries confirmed the hypotheses except for tradition values. Implications for cross-cultural research on sex differences in values and traits are discussed.
性别平等与男性和女性的价值优先级有何关联？研究假设，对于两性而言，随着性别平等程度的提高，仁爱、普遍主义、刺激、享乐主义和自我导向价值观的重要性会增加，而权力、成就、安全和传统价值观的重要性会降低。与本研究特别相关的是，性别平等程度的提高还应使两性能够更自由地追求他们本就更关心的价值观。基于进化理论和角色理论，作者推测，女性天生比男性更看重仁爱和普遍主义，而男性天生比女性更看重权力、成就和刺激。因此，随着性别平等程度的提高，这些价值观上的性别差异应该会增加，而其他价值观上的性别差异不应受到性别平等程度提高的影响。对25个具有代表性的国家样本和来自68个国家的学生的研究证实了这些假设，但传统价值观除外。文中讨论了对价值观和特质性别差异的跨文化研究的启示。
