Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Neuromuscular Research Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland.
Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Gerontology Research Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland.
Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2020 Jun;30(6):1040-1053. doi: 10.1111/sms.13650. Epub 2020 Apr 6.
Resistance training (RT) may improve metabolic health; however, the extent of its effectiveness is constantly evaluated to assess improvements in the group means, thus obscuring the heterogeneous individual effects. This study investigated inter-individual variation in response to RT as reflected in metabolic health indicators and how age, sex, nutrition, and pre-training phenotypes are associated with such variabilities.
Previously collected data of men and women (39-73 years, 135 trained, 73 non-trained controls) were pooled for analysis. Measurements were taken twice before training to estimate individual day-to-day variations and measurement errors (n = 208). The individual responsiveness to the 21-week RT in cardiometabolic health indicators (ie, systolic blood pressure, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), cholesterol and triglycerides) was determined. Body composition was estimated by bioimpedance and dietary intake according to 4-day food diaries.
Metabolic responses to RT seemed to be highly individual, and both beneficial and unfavorable changes were observed. Large inter-individual variations in training response were not explained by a subject's age, sex, body composition, or nutritional status, with the exception of improvements in HDL-C, which were associated with simultaneous decreases in body fat in older women. The incidence of metabolic syndrome diminished following RT.
This study showed that RT could improve some specific metabolic health indicators beyond normal day-to-day variations, especially in blood lipid profile. Further studies are needed to elucidate genetic and other mechanisms underlining the heterogeneity of RT responses. This knowledge may be useful in providing individually tailored exercise prescriptions as part of personalized preventative health care.
阻力训练（RT）可能改善代谢健康；然而，其有效性的程度不断被评估以评估组均值的改善，从而掩盖了个体的异质性效应。本研究调查了 RT 反应的个体间变异性，反映在代谢健康指标上，以及年龄、性别、营养和训练前表型如何与这种变异性相关。
先前收集的男性和女性（39-73 岁，135 名训练者，73 名非训练对照者）的数据被汇总进行分析。在训练前进行了两次测量，以估计个体的日常变化和测量误差（n=208）。确定了个体对 21 周 RT 在心血管代谢健康指标（即收缩压、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）、胆固醇和甘油三酯）上的反应性。根据 4 天食物日记估计身体成分和饮食摄入。
RT 对代谢的反应似乎是高度个体化的，既观察到有益的变化，也观察到不利的变化。训练反应的个体间差异很大，无法用个体的年龄、性别、身体成分或营养状况来解释，除了 HDL-C 的改善，这与老年女性体脂同时减少有关。代谢综合征的发病率在 RT 后下降。
本研究表明，RT 可以改善一些特定的代谢健康指标，超出正常的日常变化，特别是在血脂谱方面。需要进一步的研究来阐明RT 反应异质性的遗传和其他机制。这些知识可能有助于提供个性化的运动处方，作为个性化预防保健的一部分。
