Training Division, Defence Command, P.O. Box 919, 00131 Helsinki, Finland.
Neuromuscular Research Center, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35 (VIV), 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Mar 5;17(5):1688. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17051688.
Decreases in aerobic fitness during military operations have been observed in several studies. Thus, differences in training adaptations during a 6-month crisis-management operation were compared by using the change in endurance performance as the outcome measure. Sixty-six male soldiers volunteered for the study, consisting of pre-post assessments of blood biomarkers, body composition, physical performance, and the military simulation test (MST) performance. Physical training volume was self-reported. After the follow-up, the data were divided based on individual changes in endurance performance. Endurance performance was improved in the high-responder group (HiR, n = 25) and maintained or decreased in the low-responder group (LoR n = 24). During the operation, the LoR group decreased while the HiR group increased their endurance training frequency from the pre-deployment level (Δ 28 ± 57% vs. -40 ± 62%, = 0.004). Fat mass decreased (-7.6 ± 11.7% vs. 14.2 ± 20.4%, < 0.001), and 1-min push-up (27.7 ± 21.9% vs. 11.7 ± 26.1%, = 0.004) and MST performance improved (-13.6 ± 6.8% vs. -7.5 ± 6.5%, = 0.006) more in the HiR group. No differences were observed in the changes of other physical performance test results or analyzed biomarkers. In conclusion, soldiers who were initially leaner and fitter in terms of lower body strength and power were more likely to decrease their aerobic fitness during the operation.
在几项研究中都观察到了军事行动期间有氧适能的下降。因此，通过使用耐力表现的变化作为结果测量指标，比较了 6 个月危机管理行动期间训练适应的差异。66 名男性士兵自愿参加了这项研究，包括血液生物标志物、身体成分、身体表现和军事模拟测试（MST）表现的前后评估。身体训练量是自我报告的。随访后，根据耐力表现的个体变化将数据进行分组。在高反应组（HiR，n = 25）中耐力表现得到提高，而在低反应组（LoR，n = 24）中保持或降低。在行动期间，低反应组减少，而高反应组则增加了他们的耐力训练频率，高于部署前水平（Δ 28 ± 57%比-40 ± 62%， = 0.004）。脂肪量减少（-7.6 ± 11.7%比 14.2 ± 20.4%，< 0.001），1 分钟俯卧撑（27.7 ± 21.9%比 11.7 ± 26.1%， = 0.004）和 MST 表现提高（-13.6 ± 6.8%比-7.5 ± 6.5%， = 0.006）在高反应组中更为明显。在其他身体表现测试结果或分析生物标志物的变化方面未观察到差异。总之，在下肢力量和功率方面较为瘦弱和健康的士兵在行动期间更有可能降低他们的有氧适能。
