Training Division, Helsinki, Defence Command, Finland.
Neuromuscular Research Center, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland.
J Strength Cond Res. 2022 Sep 1;36(9):2361-2370. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000003902. Epub 2020 Dec 17.
Pihlainen, K, Kyröläinen, H, Santtila, M, Ojanen, T, Raitanen, J, and Häkkinen, K. Effects of combined strength and endurance training on body composition, physical fitness, and serum hormones during a 6-month crisis management operation. J Strength Cond Res 36(9): 2361-2370, 2022-Very few studies have examined the impact of training interventions on soldier readiness during an international military operation. Therefore, the present study investigated the effects of combined strength and endurance training on body composition, physical performance, and hormonal status during a 6-month international military deployment consisting of typical peacekeeping tasks, e.g., patrolling, observation, and on-base duties. Soldiers ( n = 78) were randomly allocated to a control group (C) or one of 3 combined whole-body strength and endurance training groups with varying strength-to-endurance training emphasis (Es = 25/75%, SE = 50/50% or Se = 75/25% of strength/endurance training). Body composition, physical performance (3000-m run, standing long jump [SLJ], isometric maximal voluntary contraction of the lower [MVC lower] and upper extremities [MVC upper ], muscle endurance tests), and selected serum hormone concentrations were determined prior to training (PRE), and after 9 (MID) and 19 (POST) weeks of training. Within- and between-group changes were analyzed using linear regression models. The average combined strength and endurance training frequency of the total subject group was 3 ± 2 training sessions per week. No changes were observed in physical performance variables in the intervention groups, whereas SLJ decreased by 1.9% in C ( p < 0.05). Maximal voluntary contraction lower increased by 12.8% in the combined intervention group ( p < 0.05), and this was significantly different to C ( p < 0.05). Testosterone-to-cortisol ratio increased in SE and Se ( p < 0.05), whereas no change was observed in C. The intervention groups maintained or improved their physical performance during deployment, which is beneficial for operational readiness. However, the high interindividual variation observed in training adaptations highlights the importance of training individualization during prolonged military operations.
皮赫拉宁、K、基罗拉宁、H、桑蒂拉、M、奥贾宁、T、赖泰宁、J 和哈基宁、K. 6 个月危机管理行动中，力量和耐力训练相结合对身体成分、身体素质和血清激素的影响。J 力量与调节研究 36(9):2361-2370,2022-很少有研究考察过训练干预对国际军事行动中士兵准备状态的影响。因此，本研究调查了在 6 个月的国际军事部署期间，结合力量和耐力训练对身体成分、身体表现和激素状态的影响，该部署包括典型的维和任务，如巡逻、观察和基地任务。士兵(n=78)被随机分配到对照组(C)或 3 个不同力量与耐力训练重点的全身力量和耐力训练组之一(Es=25/75%，SE=50/50%或 Se=75/25%的力量/耐力训练)。在训练前(PRE)、训练 9 周后(MID)和 19 周后(POS)，测定身体成分、身体表现(3000 米跑、立定跳远[SLJ]、下肢[MVC 下肢]和上肢[MVC 上肢]最大等长自愿收缩、肌肉耐力测试)和选定的血清激素浓度。使用线性回归模型分析组内和组间的变化。整个受试组的平均综合力量和耐力训练频率为每周 3±2 次训练。干预组的身体表现变量没有变化，而 C 组的 SLJ 下降了 1.9%(p<0.05)。MVC 下肢的最大自愿收缩增加了 12.8%在综合干预组(p<0.05)，与 C 相比有显著差异(p<0.05)。睾酮-皮质醇比值在 SE 和 Se 中增加(p<0.05)，而 C 中没有变化。干预组在部署期间保持或提高了身体表现，这对作战准备有益。然而，在训练适应方面观察到的高个体间变异性突出表明，在长时间军事行动中进行个体化训练的重要性。
