Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK.
Previous address: MRC Centre for Medical Mycology, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK.
Adv Exp Med Biol. 2020;1204:1-30. doi: 10.1007/978-981-15-1580-4_1.
Most fungal species are harmless to humans and some exist as commensals on mucocutaneous surfaces. Yet many fungi are opportunistic pathogens, causing life-threatening invasive infections when the immune system becomes compromised. The fungal cell wall contains conserved pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), which allow the immune system to distinguish between self (endogenous molecular patterns) and foreign material. Sensing of invasive microbial pathogens is achieved through recognition of PAMPs by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). One of the predominant fungal-sensing PRRs is the C-type lectin receptor (CLR) family. These receptors bind to structures present on the fungal cell wall, eliciting various innate immune responses as well as shaping adaptive immunity. In this chapter, we specifically focus on the four major human fungal pathogens, Candida albicans, Aspergillus fumigatus, Cryptococcus neoformans and Pneumocystis jirovecii, reviewing our current understanding of the CLRs that are involved in their recognition and protection of the host.
大多数真菌物种对人类无害，有些则存在于黏膜表面共生。然而，许多真菌是机会性病原体，当免疫系统受损时，会导致危及生命的侵袭性感染。真菌细胞壁含有保守的病原体相关分子模式（PAMPs），使免疫系统能够区分自身（内源性分子模式）和外来物质。通过模式识别受体（PRRs）识别 PAMPs 来实现对侵袭性微生物病原体的感知。主要的真菌感应 PRR 之一是 C 型凝集素受体（CLR）家族。这些受体与真菌细胞壁上存在的结构结合，引发各种先天免疫反应，并塑造适应性免疫。在本章中，我们特别关注四种主要的人类真菌病原体，白色念珠菌、烟曲霉、新型隐球菌和卡氏肺孢子虫，回顾我们对参与其识别和宿主保护的 CLRs 的现有认识。
