Laboratory of Biomechanics, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
J Sports Sci. 2020 Apr;38(8):910-917. doi: 10.1080/02640414.2020.1737349. Epub 2020 Mar 10.
The aim of this study was to propose a group of parameters able to quantify not only arm coordination but also inter limb coordination. These include the well know index of coordination with the relative duration of the stroke phases and two new parameters: the Index of synchronization (Ids) between arms and legs actions; and the Index of inter limb coordination (IdIC) calculated as the relative foot position during successive arm stroke phases. These parameters were compared between experts and amateur swimmers in a maximal front crawl sprint. The influence of arm stroke in leg kick parameters was also assessed, comparing the full stroke condition with a condition without arms actions. Sixty-five per cent of expert swimmers used synchronized limb actions while 95% of amateur swimmers used non-synchronized limb motions. These synchronized expert swimmers also converged towards a specific coordination pattern between foot position and arm stroke phases. In the condition without arms, both groups changed kick rate and amplitude. The present study reveals the interdependency of arms and legs actions and the importance of coordination and synchronization between limbs. Therefore, the proposed group of overall indexes of coordination provides a more complete marker for the analysis of swimming technique.
本研究旨在提出一组参数，不仅能够定量手臂协调，还能定量肢体间协调。这些参数包括众所周知的协调指数，以及划水阶段的相对持续时间，以及两个新参数：手臂和腿部动作之间的同步指数（Ids）；以及计算连续手臂划水阶段中相对足部位置的肢体间协调指数（IdIC）。这些参数在最大的自由泳冲刺中，在专家和业余游泳运动员之间进行了比较。还评估了手臂划水对腿部踢腿参数的影响，比较了完整划水条件和无手臂动作条件。65%的专家游泳运动员使用同步的肢体动作，而 95%的业余游泳运动员使用非同步的肢体动作。这些同步的专家游泳运动员还在足部位置和手臂划水阶段之间形成了特定的协调模式。在没有手臂的情况下，两组都改变了踢腿频率和幅度。本研究揭示了手臂和腿部动作的相互依存性，以及四肢协调和同步的重要性。因此，所提出的整体协调指数组为游泳技术分析提供了更完整的标记。
