Kucwaj Hanna, Chuderski Adam
Institute of Philosophy, Jagiellonian University, Grodzka 52, 31-044 Krakow, Poland.
Schizophr Res Cogn. 2019 Dec 11;20:100170. doi: 10.1016/j.scog.2019.100170. eCollection 2020 Jun.
Proportional analogies between four objects (e.g., a is to as a is to? ) were examined in 30 schizophrenia patients and 30 healthy controls. Half of the problems included distracting response options: remote semantic associates () and perceptually similar salient distractors (). Although both patients and controls performed fairly accurately on the no-distraction analogies, patients' performance in the presence of distractors was distorted, suggesting deficits in attention and cognitive control affecting complex cognition. Finally, although education, fluid intelligence, and interference resolution strongly predicted distractibility in the control group, in the schizophrenia group susceptibility to distraction was unrelated to these markers of general cognitive ability, implying an idiosyncratic nature of reasoning distortions in schizophrenia.
在30名精神分裂症患者和30名健康对照者中，研究了四个物体之间的比例类比（例如，a之于b，如同c之于？）。一半的问题包含干扰性反应选项：远距离语义联想（）和感知上相似的显著干扰项（）。尽管患者和对照者在无干扰类比上的表现都相当准确，但在有干扰项的情况下，患者的表现出现扭曲，这表明注意力和认知控制方面的缺陷影响了复杂认知。最后，尽管教育程度、流体智力和干扰解决能力在对照组中能强烈预测分心易感性，但在精神分裂症组中，分心易感性与这些一般认知能力指标无关，这意味着精神分裂症中推理扭曲具有特质性。
