Kesting Sabine, Weeber Peter, Schönfelder Martin, Renz Bernhard W, Wackerhage Henning, von Luettichau Irene
Kinderklinik München Schwabing, Department of Pediatrics and Children's Cancer Research Center, TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
Chair of Preventive Pediatrics, Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
Front Oncol. 2020 Feb 21;10:196. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00196. eCollection 2020.
Exercise is recommended for the healthy population as it increases fitness and prevents diseases. Moreover, exercise is also applied as an adjunct therapy for patients with various chronic diseases including cancer. Childhood cancer is a rare, heterogeneous disease that differs from adult cancer. Improved therapeutic strategies have increased childhood cancer survival rates to above 80% in developed countries. Although this is higher than the average adult cancer survival rate of about 50%, therapy results often in substantial long-term side effects in childhood cancer survivors. Exercise in adult cancer patients has many beneficial effects and may slow down tumor progression and improve survival in some cancer types, suggesting that exercise may influence cancer cell behavior. In contrast to adults, there is not much data on general effects of exercise in children. Whilst it seems possible that exercise might delay cancer progression or improve survival in children as well, there is no reliable data yet to support this hypothesis. Depending on the type of cancer, animal studies of adult cancer types show that the exercise-induced increase of the catecholamines epinephrine and norepinephrine, have suppressive as well as promoting effects on cancer cells. The diverse effects of exercise in adult cancer patients require investigating whether these results can be achieved in children with cancer.
建议健康人群进行锻炼，因为锻炼能增强体质并预防疾病。此外，锻炼还被用作包括癌症在内的各种慢性病患者的辅助治疗方法。儿童癌症是一种罕见的异质性疾病，与成人癌症不同。改进后的治疗策略已使发达国家儿童癌症的生存率提高到80%以上。尽管这高于成人癌症约50%的平均生存率，但治疗结果往往会给儿童癌症幸存者带来严重的长期副作用。成人癌症患者进行锻炼有许多有益效果，可能会减缓某些癌症类型的肿瘤进展并提高生存率，这表明锻炼可能会影响癌细胞的行为。与成人不同，关于锻炼对儿童的总体影响的数据不多。虽然锻炼似乎也有可能延缓儿童癌症的进展或提高生存率，但目前尚无可靠数据支持这一假设。根据癌症类型的不同，针对成人癌症类型的动物研究表明，锻炼引起的儿茶酚胺肾上腺素和去甲肾上腺素的增加对癌细胞既有抑制作用，也有促进作用。锻炼对成人癌症患者产生的多种影响需要研究这些结果是否也能在癌症儿童中实现。
