International Crop Research Institute for Semi-arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru 502 324, Telangana State, India.
Diatom Research Laboratory, Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201 313, India.
Bioresour Technol. 2020 Jun;305:123068. doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123068. Epub 2020 Feb 20.
Exposure to heavy metals is a major threat to aquatic bodies and is a global concern to our four main spheres of the earth viz. atmosphere, biosphere, hydrosphere, and lithosphere. The biosorption of pollutants using naturally inspired sources like microalgae has considerable advantages. Diatoms are the most dominant and diverse group of phytoplankton which accounts for 45% oceanic primary productivity. They perform a pioneer part in the biogeochemistry of metals in both fresh and marine water ecosystems. The diatoms play a significant role in degradation, speciation, and detoxification of chemical wastes and hazardous metals from polluted sites. Herein, an overview is presented about the ability of diatom algae to phycoremediate heavy metals by passive adsorption and active assimilation from their aqueous environments with an emphasis on extracellular and intracellular mechanisms involved in contaminant uptake through the frustules for preventing heavy metal toxicity.
重金属暴露对水生生物构成重大威胁，是地球四大圈层（大气圈、生物圈、水圈和岩石圈）面临的全球性问题。利用微藻等天然资源进行污染物的生物吸附具有显著优势。硅藻是浮游植物中最具优势和多样性的群体，占海洋初级生产力的 45%。它们在淡水和海洋水生态系统的金属生物地球化学中发挥着先驱作用。硅藻在降解、化学废物的形态和解毒以及从污染地点的有害金属中起着重要作用。本文概述了硅藻藻类通过被动吸附和从其水相中主动吸收来修复重金属的能力，并重点介绍了通过外壳体进行污染物吸收的细胞内和细胞外机制，以防止重金属毒性。
