Al-Rofaai Ahmed, Bell-Sakyi Lesley
Department of Infection Biology, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom.
Front Physiol. 2020 Feb 25;11:152. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00152. eCollection 2020.
Ticks and the diseases they transmit are of huge veterinary, medical and economic importance worldwide. Control of ticks attacking livestock and companion animals is achieved primarily by application of chemical or plant-based acaricides. However, ticks can rapidly develop resistance to any new product brought onto the market, necessitating an ongoing search for novel active compounds and alternative approaches to tick control. Many aspects of tick and tick-borne pathogen research have been facilitated by the application of continuous cell lines derived from some of the most economically important tick species. These include cell lines derived from acaricide-susceptible and resistant ticks, cell sub-lines with -generated acaricide resistance, and genetically modified tick cells. Although not a replacement for the whole organism, tick cell lines enable studies at the cellular and molecular level and provide a more accessible, more ethical and less expensive alternative to tick feeding experiments. Here we review the role played by tick cell lines in studies on acaricide resistance, mode-of-action of acaricides, identification of potential novel control targets through better understanding of tick metabolism, and anti-tick vaccine development, that may lead to new approaches to control ticks and tick-borne diseases.
蜱虫及其传播的疾病在全球范围内具有巨大的兽医、医学和经济重要性。控制侵袭家畜和伴侣动物的蜱虫主要通过使用化学或植物源杀螨剂来实现。然而，蜱虫能够迅速对市场上推出的任何新产品产生抗性，因此需要不断寻找新型活性化合物和蜱虫控制的替代方法。应用源自一些经济上最重要的蜱虫物种的连续细胞系，促进了蜱虫和蜱传病原体研究的许多方面。这些细胞系包括源自对杀螨剂敏感和抗性蜱虫的细胞系、具有诱导产生的杀螨剂抗性的细胞亚系以及转基因蜱虫细胞。尽管蜱虫细胞系不能替代整个生物体，但它能够在细胞和分子水平上开展研究，并为蜱虫喂养实验提供一种更易获得、更符合伦理且成本更低的替代方法。在此，我们综述蜱虫细胞系在杀螨剂抗性研究、杀螨剂作用方式研究、通过更好地理解蜱虫代谢来鉴定潜在新型控制靶点以及抗蜱虫疫苗开发中所发挥的作用，这些研究可能会带来控制蜱虫和蜱传疾病的新方法。
