Bai Yiming, Suzuki Takashi
School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan.
Front Physiol. 2020 Feb 25;11:161. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00161. eCollection 2020.
The nervous system is a valuable model to examine the mechanisms of activity-dependent synaptic modification (plasticity) owing to its relatively simple organization and the availability of powerful genetic tools. The larval neuromuscular junction (NMJ) in particular is an accessible model for the study of synaptic development and plasticity. In addition to the NMJ, huge strides have also been made on understanding activity-dependent synaptic plasticity in the olfactory and visual systems. In this review, we focus mainly on the underlying processes of activity-dependent synaptic plasticity at both pre-synaptic and post-synaptic terminals, and summarize current knowledge on activity-dependent synaptic plasticity in different parts of the nervous system (larval NMJ, olfactory system, larval visual system, and adult visual system). We also examine links between synaptic development and activity-dependent synaptic plasticity, and the relationships between morphological and physiological plasticity. We provide a point of view from which we discern that the underlying mechanism of activity-dependent plasticity may be common throughout the nervous systems in .
由于神经系统组织结构相对简单且有强大的遗传工具可用，它是研究活动依赖型突触修饰（可塑性）机制的一个有价值的模型。特别是幼虫神经肌肉接头（NMJ），是研究突触发育和可塑性的一个易于研究的模型。除了NMJ，在理解嗅觉和视觉系统中活动依赖型突触可塑性方面也取得了巨大进展。在这篇综述中，我们主要关注突触前和突触后终端活动依赖型突触可塑性的潜在过程，并总结神经系统不同部分（幼虫NMJ、嗅觉系统、幼虫视觉系统和成年视觉系统）中活动依赖型突触可塑性的现有知识。我们还研究突触发育与活动依赖型突触可塑性之间的联系，以及形态和生理可塑性之间的关系。我们提供了一个观点，从中我们可以看出活动依赖型可塑性的潜在机制在整个神经系统中可能是共同的。
