State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation, Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China.
Center of Rehabilitation, Xingcheng Sanatorium of PLA Strategic Support Force, Xingcheng, China.
Bioelectromagnetics. 2020 May;41(4):263-278. doi: 10.1002/bem.22258. Epub 2020 Mar 11.
Osteoporosis, fractures, and other bone diseases or injuries represent serious health problems in modern society. A variety of treatments including drugs, surgeries, physical therapies, etc. have been used to prevent or delay the progression of these diseases/injuries with limited effects. Electromagnetic field (EMF) has been used to non-invasively treat bone diseases, such as fracture and osteoporosis, for many years. However, because a variety of cellular and molecular events can be affected by EMF with various parameters, the precise bioeffects and underlying mechanisms of specific EMF on bone cells are still obscure. Here, we summarize the common therapeutic parameters (frequency and intensity) of major types of EMF used to treat bone cells taken from 32 papers we selected from the PubMed database published in English from 1991 to 2018. Briefly, pulse EMF promotes the proliferation of osteoblasts when its frequency is 7.5-15 Hz or 50-75 Hz and the intensity is 0.40-1.55 mT or 3.8-4 mT. Sinusoidal EMF, with 0.9-4.8 mT and 45-60 Hz, and static magnetic field with 0.1-0.4 mT or 400 mT, can promote osteoblast differentiation and maturation. Finally, we summarize the latest advances on the molecular signaling pathways influenced by EMF in osteoblasts and osteoclasts. A variety of molecules such as adenosine receptors, calcium channels, BMP2, Notch, Wnt1, etc., can be influenced by EMF in osteoblasts. For osteoclasts, EMF affects RANK, NF-κB, MAPK, etc. We speculate that EMF with different frequencies and intensities exert distinct bioeffects on specific bone cells. More high-quality work is required to explore the detailed effects and underlying mechanisms of EMF on bone cells/skeleton to optimize the application of EMF on bone diseases/injuries. Bioelectromagnetics. 2020;41:263-278 © 2020 Bioelectromagnetics Society.
骨质疏松症、骨折和其他骨骼疾病或损伤是现代社会的严重健康问题。为了预防或延缓这些疾病/损伤的进展，已经使用了多种治疗方法，包括药物、手术、物理疗法等，但效果有限。电磁场（EMF）已被用于非侵入性地治疗骨骼疾病多年，如骨折和骨质疏松症。然而，由于各种参数的电磁场可以影响多种细胞和分子事件，因此特定 EMF 对骨细胞的确切生物效应和潜在机制仍不清楚。在这里，我们总结了从我们从 1991 年至 2018 年在 PubMed 数据库中以英文发表的 32 篇论文中选择的用于治疗骨细胞的主要类型 EMF 的常见治疗参数（频率和强度）。简要地说，当频率为 7.5-15 Hz 或 50-75 Hz 且强度为 0.40-1.55 mT 或 3.8-4 mT 时，脉冲 EMF 会促进成骨细胞的增殖。当频率为 0.9-4.8 mT 和 45-60 Hz 时，正弦 EMF 和强度为 0.1-0.4 mT 或 400 mT 时，可以促进成骨细胞的分化和成熟。最后，我们总结了电磁场影响成骨细胞和破骨细胞的最新分子信号通路进展。多种分子，如腺苷受体、钙通道、BMP2、Notch、Wnt1 等，在成骨细胞中可受电磁场影响。对于破骨细胞，电磁场会影响 RANK、NF-κB、MAPK 等。我们推测，不同频率和强度的电磁场对特定的骨细胞会产生不同的生物效应。需要更多高质量的工作来探索电磁场对骨细胞/骨骼的详细影响和潜在机制，以优化电磁场在骨骼疾病/损伤中的应用。生物电磁学。2020;41:263-278 © 2020 生物电磁学学会。
