Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA.
Mol Biol Evol. 2020 Jul 1;37(7):2034-2044. doi: 10.1093/molbev/msaa065.
Transient receptor potential melastatins (TRPMs) are most well known as cold and menthol sensors, but are in fact broadly critical for life, from ion homeostasis to reproduction. Yet, the evolutionary relationship between TRPM channels remains largely unresolved, particularly with respect to the placement of several highly divergent members. To characterize the evolution of TRPM and like channels, we performed a large-scale phylogenetic analysis of >1,300 TRPM-like sequences from 14 phyla (Annelida, Arthropoda, Brachiopoda, Chordata, Cnidaria, Echinodermata, Hemichordata, Mollusca, Nematoda, Nemertea, Phoronida, Priapulida, Tardigrada, and Xenacoelomorpha), including sequences from a variety of recently sequenced genomes that fill what would otherwise be substantial taxonomic gaps. These findings suggest: 1) the previously recognized TRPM family is in fact two distinct families, including canonical TRPM channels and an eighth major previously undescribed family of animal TRP channel, TRP soromelastatin; 2) two TRPM clades predate the last bilaterian-cnidarian ancestor; and 3) the vertebrate-centric trend of categorizing TRPM channels as 1-8 is inappropriate for most phyla, including other chordates.
瞬时受体电位 melastatin（TRPM）通道作为冷和薄荷醇传感器最为人所熟知，但实际上它们在从离子稳态到生殖等生命过程中都具有广泛的重要性。然而，TRPM 通道的进化关系在很大程度上仍未得到解决，特别是对于几个高度分化的成员的位置。为了表征 TRPM 和类似通道的进化，我们对来自 14 个门（环节动物门、节肢动物门、腕足动物门、脊索动物门、刺胞动物门、棘皮动物门、半索动物门、软体动物门、线虫动物门、纽形动物门、磷虾门、曳鳃动物门、缓步动物门和 Xenacoelomorpha 门）的>1300 个 TRPM 样序列进行了大规模的系统发育分析，其中包括来自各种最近测序的基因组的序列，这些序列填补了原本大量存在的分类学空白。这些发现表明：1）以前公认的 TRPM 家族实际上是两个不同的家族，包括经典的 TRPM 通道和第八个以前未描述的动物 TRP 通道家族，TRP soromelastatin；2）两个 TRPM 分支早于最后一个两侧对称动物刺胞动物祖先；3）将 TRPM 通道归类为 1-8 的以脊椎动物为中心的趋势不适用于大多数门，包括其他脊索动物。
