Abichou Kouloud, La Corte Valentina, Nicolas Serge, Piolino Pascale
Laboratoire Mémoire, Cerveau et Cognition (MC2Lab), Université de Paris, France.
Laboratoire Mémoire, Cerveau et Cognition (MC2Lab), Université de Paris, France, Institut de la mémoire et de la maladie d'Alzheimer (IM2A), Département de neurologie, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Paris, France.
Geriatr Psychol Neuropsychiatr Vieil. 2020 Mar 1;18(1):65-75. doi: 10.1684/pnv.2020.0842.
False memories refer to falsely remembering something that did not happen or that happened differently. The effects of age on episodic memory underlie both the decline in real memories and the increase in false memories. But, what is the richness and what is the feeling of reality of false memories in the elderly? This mini-review on false memory in young and older adults presents the results from the literature using one of the most used paradigms in the laboratory to study false memories - the Deese-Roediger-McDermott paradigm. This paradigm generally consists in the presentation of semantically associated items-lists (words or images) related to a non-presented critical lure (e.g., bed, rest, awake …, the critical lure is sleep). During free recall or recognition tests, the participants regularly produce false memories (intrusions or false recognitions of the critical lures), increasingly with aging. We specifically ask the question of the richness of the false memory trace in young and older adults in terms of contextual associations (What-Where-When-Details binding) and phenomenological characteristics (remembering, knowing, guessing). We propose to examine this issue using a naturalistic episodic memory task via navigation in a virtual environment enriched with series of associated elements (e.g., vegetables stand) linked to non-presented critical lures (e.g., carrots). Based on preliminary results, we propose an integrative model of memory trace which can explain the differences observed between young and old people on the richness of their false memories.
错误记忆是指错误地记住了未曾发生的事情或实际发生情况不同的事情。年龄对情景记忆的影响是真实记忆衰退和错误记忆增加的基础。但是，老年人错误记忆的丰富程度和真实感如何呢？这篇关于年轻人和老年人错误记忆的小型综述呈现了来自文献的结果，使用的是实验室中研究错误记忆最常用的范式之一——迪塞-罗迪格-麦克德莫特范式。该范式通常包括呈现与未呈现的关键诱饵（例如，床、休息、清醒……，关键诱饵是睡眠）语义相关的项目列表（单词或图像）。在自由回忆或识别测试中，参与者经常会产生错误记忆（对关键诱饵的侵入或错误识别），且随着年龄增长愈发频繁。我们特别探讨了年轻人和老年人错误记忆痕迹在情境关联（何事-何地-何时-细节绑定）和现象学特征（记得、知道、猜测）方面的丰富程度问题。我们建议通过在一个虚拟环境中导航来研究这个问题，该虚拟环境富含与未呈现的关键诱饵（例如，胡萝卜）相关联的一系列元素（例如，蔬菜摊）的自然主义情景记忆任务。基于初步结果，我们提出了一个记忆痕迹整合模型，该模型可以解释在年轻人和老年人错误记忆丰富程度上观察到的差异。
