Laboratoire Mémoire, Cerveau et Cognition (MC2Lab), Université de Paris, France.
Laboratoire Mémoire, Cerveau et Cognition (MC2Lab), Université de Paris, France, Institut de la mémoire et de la maladie d'Alzheimer (IM2A), Département de neurologie, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Paris, France.
Geriatr Psychol Neuropsychiatr Vieil. 2020 Mar 1;18(1):65-75. doi: 10.1684/pnv.2020.0862.
False memories refer to falsely remembering something that did not happen or that happened differently. The effects of age on episodic memory underlie both the decline in real memories and the increase in false memories. But, what is the richness and what is the feeling of reality of false memories in the elderly? This mini-review on false memory in young and older adults presents the results from the literature using one of the most used paradigms in the laboratory to study false memories - the Deese-Roediger-McDermott paradigm. This paradigm generally consists in the presentation of semantically associated items-lists (words or images) related to a non-presented critical lure (e.g., bed, rest, awake …, the critical lure is sleep). During free recall or recognition tests, the participants regularly produce false memories (intrusions or false recognitions of the critical lures), increasingly with aging. We specifically ask the question of the richness of the false memory trace in young and older adults in terms of contextual associations (What-Where-When-Details binding) and phenomenological characteristics (remembering, knowing, guessing). We propose to examine this issue using a naturalistic episodic memory task via navigation in a virtual environment enriched with series of associated elements (e.g., vegetables stand) linked to non-presented critical lures (e.g., carrots). Based on preliminary results, we propose an integrative model of memory trace which can explain the differences observed between young and old people on the richness of their false memories.
虚假记忆是指错误地记住了没有发生或发生方式不同的事情。年龄对情景记忆的影响是真实记忆下降和虚假记忆增加的基础。但是，老年人的虚假记忆的丰富度和真实感是什么样的呢？本篇关于年轻人和老年人虚假记忆的迷你综述介绍了使用实验室中最常用的范式之一——Deese-Roediger-McDermott 范式研究虚假记忆的结果。该范式通常包括呈现语义相关的项目列表（单词或图像），这些项目与未呈现的关键诱饵相关（例如，床、休息、清醒……，关键诱饵是睡眠）。在自由回忆或识别测试中，参与者经常产生虚假记忆（关键诱饵的侵入或错误识别），随着年龄的增长，这种情况越来越多。我们特别询问了年轻人和老年人虚假记忆痕迹丰富度的问题，包括上下文关联（What-Where-When-Details 绑定）和现象学特征（记得、知道、猜测）。我们建议使用一种自然的情景记忆任务来检验这个问题，该任务通过在虚拟环境中导航，利用与非呈现的关键诱饵（如胡萝卜）相关的一系列关联元素（如蔬菜摊位）来进行。基于初步结果，我们提出了一个记忆痕迹的综合模型，可以解释年轻人和老年人在虚假记忆丰富度方面观察到的差异。
