Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
Neuroscience Research Program, Kleysen Institute for Advanced Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
J Neurochem. 2020 Sep;154(5):468-485. doi: 10.1111/jnc.15004. Epub 2020 Apr 6.
Pannexin-1 (Panx1) is a large pore membrane channel with unique conduction properties ranging from non-selective ion permeability to the extracellular release of signalling molecules. The release of ATP by Panx1 has been particularly well-characterized with implications in purine signalling across a variety of biological contexts. Panx1 activity is also important in inflammasome formation and the secretion of pro-inflammatory molecules such as interleukin-1β. Within the central nervous system (CNS), Panx1 is expressed on both neurons and glia, and is thought to mediate crosstalk between these cells. A growing body of literature now supports the pathological activity of Panx1 in contributing to disease processes including seizure, stroke, migraine headache and chronic pain. Emerging evidence also reveals a physiological function of Panx1 in regulating neural stem cell survival, neuronal maturation and synaptic plasticity, with possible relevance to normal cognitive functioning. The aim of this review is to summarize the current evidence regarding the roles of Panx1 in the CNS, with emphasis on how putative signalling properties and activation mechanisms of this channel contribute to various physiological and pathophysiological processes.
缝隙连接蛋白 1（Panx1）是一种具有独特传导特性的大孔膜通道，其离子通透性从非选择性到细胞外信号分子的释放不等。Panx1 释放的 ATP 已经得到了很好的描述，其在各种生物环境中的嘌呤信号传递中具有重要意义。Panx1 活性在炎症小体形成和白细胞介素-1β等促炎分子的分泌中也很重要。在中枢神经系统（CNS）中，Panx1 表达于神经元和神经胶质细胞上，被认为介导这些细胞之间的串扰。越来越多的文献支持 Panx1 的病理性活性在包括癫痫、中风、偏头痛和慢性疼痛在内的疾病过程中的作用。新出现的证据还揭示了 Panx1 在调节神经干细胞存活、神经元成熟和突触可塑性中的生理功能，这可能与正常认知功能有关。本综述的目的是总结 Panx1 在中枢神经系统中的作用的现有证据，重点介绍该通道的假定信号特性和激活机制如何促进各种生理和病理生理过程。
