Getu Sisay, Shiferaw Elias, Melku Mulugeta
Clin Lab. 2020 Mar 1;66(3). doi: 10.7754/Clin.Lab.2019.190617.
Iron is an essential micronutrient which plays a significant role, particularly vital for early brain growth and function. Maternal iron condition influences the iron status of neonates since iron transferred from the mother is the only source for fetal iron. A depletion in iron as a result of rapid growth leads to iron deficiency which is common in neonates. Although there are inconsistencies with regard to the normal reference ranges for neonatal iron level, the current review summarized literature to provide compressive information about neonatal iron status and factors that influence its level.
This is a narrative review on the basis of relevant literatures mainly on neonatal iron from peer-reviewed journals. Electronic databases such as PubMed, PMC, Scopus, Science Direct, Google scholar, Google, and Yahoo were used to retrieve relevant literatures using key terms like "newborn iron, neonatal iron, iron overload, maternal factors, complication, iron level and neonates" separately and in combination.
Several factors had been postulated as factors associated with neonatal iron status. The current review figured out that maternal obesity, gestational diabetes mellitus, preterm delivery, placental transferrin receptor, inappropriate iron supplementation, use of iron fortified formula, uses of recombinant erythropoietin therapy, smoking, maternal iron deficiency anemia, umbilical cord clamping, and transfusion are the major factors which can influence neonatal iron level. These factors may have either positive or negative effects on neonatal iron level. Both iron deficiency and iron overload at some stage in the fetal development or at early stage of neonatal development cause abnormal functions of multiple organ system of neonates and subsequently contributed to neonatal and childhood morbidity and mortality.
By one and other means insufficient, late and extra maternal iron supplementation, early and delayed umbilical cord clamping have negative effects on the iron level of neonates. Therefore, careful prenatal and antenatal follow-up need to be strengthened with due emphasis for maternal iron assessment.
铁是一种必需的微量营养素，发挥着重要作用，对早期大脑发育和功能尤为关键。母体铁状况会影响新生儿的铁状态，因为从母体转移的铁是胎儿铁的唯一来源。快速生长导致的铁消耗会引发缺铁，这在新生儿中很常见。尽管新生儿铁水平的正常参考范围存在不一致之处，但本综述总结了文献，以提供有关新生儿铁状态及其影响因素的全面信息。
这是一项基于主要来自同行评审期刊的有关新生儿铁的相关文献的叙述性综述。使用诸如PubMed、PMC、Scopus、ScienceDirect、谷歌学术、谷歌和雅虎等电子数据库，分别并组合使用“新生儿铁、新生儿铁、铁过载、母体因素、并发症、铁水平和新生儿”等关键词检索相关文献。
已提出若干因素与新生儿铁状态相关。本综述指出，母体肥胖、妊娠期糖尿病、早产、胎盘转铁蛋白受体、不适当的铁补充、使用铁强化配方奶、使用重组促红细胞生成素疗法、吸烟、母体缺铁性贫血、脐带 clamping和输血是影响新生儿铁水平的主要因素。这些因素可能对新生儿铁水平产生正面或负面影响。胎儿发育的某个阶段或新生儿发育早期的缺铁和铁过载都会导致新生儿多器官系统功能异常，进而导致新生儿和儿童期的发病率和死亡率。
通过各种方式，母体铁补充不足、过晚和额外补充，以及过早和延迟脐带 clamping对新生儿铁水平有负面影响。因此，需要加强仔细的产前和产时随访，并适当重视母体铁评估。
