Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.
Segatto Dent'art Studio, Budapest, Hungary.
PLoS One. 2020 Mar 12;15(3):e0230182. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0230182. eCollection 2020.
How dental education influences students' dental and dentofacial esthetic perception has been studied for some time, given the importance of esthetics in dentistry. However, no study before has studied this question in a large sample of students from all grades of dental school. This study sought to fill that gap. The aim was to assess if students' dentofacial esthetic autoperception and heteroperception are associated with their actual stage of studies (grade) and if autoperception has any effect on heteroperception.
Between October 2018 and August 2019, a questionnaire was distributed to 919 dental students of all 5 grades of dental school at all four dental schools in Hungary. The questionnaire consisted of the following parts (see also the supplementary material): 1. Demographic data (3 items), Self-Esthetics I (11 multiple- choice items regarding the respondents' perception of their own dentofacial esthetics), Self-Esthetics II (6 Likert-type items regarding the respondents' perception of their own dentofacial esthetics), and Image rating (10 items, 5 images each, of which the respondents have to choose the one they find the most attractive). Both the self-esthetics and the photo rating items were aimed at the assessment of mini- and microesthetic features.
The response rate was 93.7% (861 students). The self-perception of the respondents was highly favorable, regardless of grade or gender. Grade and heteroperception were significantly associated regarding maxillary midline shift (p < 0.01) and the relative visibility of the arches behind the lips (p < 0.01). Detailed analysis showed a characteristic pattern of preference changes across grades for both esthetic aspects. The third year of studies appeared to be a dividing line in both cases, after which a real preference order was established. Association between autoperception and heteroperception could not be verified for statistical reasons.
Our findings corroborate the results of most previous studies regarding the effect of dental education on the dentofacial esthetic perception of students. We have shown that the effect can be demonstrated on the grade level, which we attribute to the specific curricular contents. We found no gender effect, which, in the light of the literature, suggests that the gender effect in dentofacial esthetic perception is highly culture dependent. The results allow no conclusion regarding the relation between autoperception and heteroperception.
鉴于美学在牙科中的重要性，一段时间以来，人们一直在研究牙科教育如何影响学生的牙齿和面部审美感知。然而，之前没有研究在牙科学校所有年级的大量学生样本中研究过这个问题。本研究旨在填补这一空白。目的是评估学生的面部审美自我感知和他感是否与他们的实际学习阶段（年级）相关，以及自我感知是否对他感有影响。
2018 年 10 月至 2019 年 8 月，向匈牙利四所牙科学校所有五个年级的 919 名牙科学生分发了一份问卷。问卷包括以下部分（也可参见补充材料）：1. 人口统计学数据（3 项）、自我审美 I（11 项多项选择问题，涉及受访者对自己的面部审美感知）、自我审美 II（6 项李克特量表问题，涉及受访者对自己的面部审美感知）和图像评分（10 项，每项 10 个图像，受访者必须从中选择他们认为最有吸引力的一个）。自我审美和照片评分项目都旨在评估微观和微观美学特征。
回应率为 93.7%（861 名学生）。无论年级或性别如何，受访者的自我感知都非常有利。年级和他感在上颌中线移位（p < 0.01）和唇后弓的相对可见度（p < 0.01）方面存在显著相关性。详细分析显示，在这两个审美方面，年级之间的偏好变化呈现出一种特征模式。第三年的学习似乎是一个分界线，之后建立了真正的偏好顺序。由于统计原因，无法验证自我感知和他感之间的关联。
我们的研究结果证实了大多数先前关于牙科教育对学生面部审美感知影响的研究结果。我们已经表明，这种影响可以在年级水平上得到证明，我们将其归因于特定的课程内容。我们没有发现性别影响，这在文献中表明，面部审美感知中的性别影响高度依赖于文化。研究结果不允许得出关于自我感知和他感之间关系的结论。
