人白细胞介素 15 超激动剂 N-803 可促进病毒特异性 CD8+T 和 NK 细胞向 B 细胞滤泡迁移,但不能逆转 ART 抑制、SHIV 感染的猕猴中的潜伏感染。

The human IL-15 superagonist N-803 promotes migration of virus-specific CD8+ T and NK cells to B cell follicles but does not reverse latency in ART-suppressed, SHIV-infected macaques.

机构信息

Vaccine & Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America.

Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America.

出版信息

PLoS Pathog. 2020 Mar 12;16(3):e1008339. doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008339. eCollection 2020 Mar.

Abstract

Despite the success of antiretroviral therapy (ART) to halt viral replication and slow disease progression, this treatment is not curative and there remains an urgent need to develop approaches to clear the latent HIV reservoir. The human IL-15 superagonist N-803 (formerly ALT-803) is a promising anti-cancer biologic with potent immunostimulatory properties that has been extended into the field of HIV as a potential "shock and kill" therapeutic for HIV cure. However, the ability of N-803 to reactivate latent virus and modulate anti-viral immunity in vivo under the cover of ART remains undefined. Here, we show that in ART-suppressed, simian-human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV)SF162P3-infected rhesus macaques, subcutaneous administration of N-803 activates and mobilizes both NK cells and SHIV-specific CD8+ T cells from the peripheral blood to lymph node B cell follicles, a sanctuary site for latent virus that normally excludes such effector cells. We observed minimal activation of memory CD4+ T cells and no increase in viral RNA content in lymph node resident CD4+ T cells post N-803 administration. Accordingly, we found no difference in the number or magnitude of plasma viremia timepoints between treated and untreated animals during the N-803 administration period, and no difference in the size of the viral DNA cell-associated reservoir post N-803 treatment. These results substantiate N-803 as a potent immunotherapeutic candidate capable of activating and directing effector CD8+ T and NK cells to the B cell follicle during full ART suppression, and suggest N-803 must be paired with a bona fide latency reversing agent in vivo to facilitate immune-mediated modulation of the latent viral reservoir.

摘要

尽管抗逆转录病毒疗法 (ART) 已成功阻止病毒复制并减缓疾病进展,但这种治疗方法并不能治愈疾病,因此仍迫切需要开发清除潜伏 HIV 储库的方法。人类白细胞介素-15 超激动剂 N-803(以前称为 ALT-803)是一种很有前途的抗癌生物制剂,具有强大的免疫刺激特性,已扩展到 HIV 领域,作为 HIV 治愈的潜在“冲击和杀伤”治疗方法。然而,在 ART 掩盖下,N-803 激活潜伏病毒并调节体内抗病毒免疫的能力仍未确定。在这里,我们表明,在接受 ART 抑制的、感染了猴免疫缺陷病毒 (SHIV)SF162P3 的恒河猴中,N-803 的皮下给药可激活和动员外周血中的 NK 细胞和 SHIV 特异性 CD8+T 细胞进入淋巴结 B 细胞滤泡,这是潜伏病毒的避难所,通常排斥这些效应细胞。我们观察到,N-803 给药后,淋巴结驻留的 CD4+T 细胞中的记忆 CD4+T 细胞很少被激活,且病毒 RNA 含量也没有增加。因此,我们发现,在 N-803 给药期间,治疗组和未治疗组动物的血浆病毒血症时间点的数量或幅度没有差异,且 N-803 治疗后细胞相关病毒 DNA 储库的大小也没有差异。这些结果证实了 N-803 作为一种有效的免疫治疗候选药物的潜力,它能够在完全 ART 抑制下激活和引导效应 CD8+T 和 NK 细胞进入 B 细胞滤泡,并表明 N-803 必须与体内真正的潜伏逆转剂联合使用,以促进免疫介导的潜伏病毒储库的调节。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/2aaf/7093032/365f54cdb80c/ppat.1008339.g001.jpg

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