Shao Gaofeng, Hanaor Dorian A H, Shen Xiaodong, Gurlo Aleksander
School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China.
Fachgebiet Keramische Werkstoffe/Chair of Advanced Ceramic Materials, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstr. 40, Berlin, 10623, Germany.
Adv Mater. 2020 Apr;32(17):e1907176. doi: 10.1002/adma.201907176. Epub 2020 Mar 12.
Freeze casting, also known as ice templating, is a particularly versatile technique that has been applied extensively for the fabrication of well-controlled biomimetic porous materials based on ceramics, metals, polymers, biomacromolecules, and carbon nanomaterials, endowing them with novel properties and broadening their applicability. The principles of different directional freeze-casting processes are described and the relationships between processing and structure are examined. Recent progress in freeze-casting assisted assembly of low dimensional building blocks, including graphene and carbon nanotubes, into tailored micro- and macrostructures is then summarized. Emerging trends relating to novel materials as building blocks and novel freeze-cast geometries-beads, fibers, films, complex macrostructures, and nacre-mimetic composites-are presented. Thereafter, the means by which aligned porous structures and nacre mimetic materials obtainable through recently developed freeze-casting techniques and low-dimensional building blocks can facilitate material functionality across multiple fields of application, including energy storage and conversion, environmental remediation, thermal management, and smart materials, are discussed.
冷冻铸造，也称为冰模板法，是一种特别通用的技术，已被广泛应用于制备基于陶瓷、金属、聚合物、生物大分子和碳纳米材料的可控仿生多孔材料，赋予它们新的性能并拓宽其适用性。描述了不同定向冷冻铸造工艺的原理，并研究了工艺与结构之间的关系。然后总结了冷冻铸造辅助将低维构建块（包括石墨烯和碳纳米管）组装成定制的微观和宏观结构的最新进展。介绍了与新型材料作为构建块以及新型冷冻铸造几何形状（珠子、纤维、薄膜、复杂宏观结构和仿珍珠层复合材料）相关的新趋势。此后，讨论了通过最近开发的冷冻铸造技术和低维构建块获得的定向多孔结构和仿珍珠层材料如何促进跨多个应用领域（包括能量存储和转换、环境修复、热管理和智能材料）的材料功能。
